I. Initial screening: Hearing screening is performed within 72 hours of the baby’s birth. For infants who do not pass the screening, they can be retested once more before discharge from the hospital. Re-screening: For infants who do not pass the initial screening, they will be rechecked at the hospital in 42 days; III. Diagnosis (within 3 months): For infants who still do not pass the re-screening, a comprehensive audiological diagnosis, including acoustic conductance, otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem evoked potentials, behavioral audiometry and other related tests, will be performed within 3 months to confirm the diagnosis. IV. Intervention (within 6 months): 1. Treatment for etiology: otitis media, sudden deafness, middle ear malformation, etc. with appropriate medication and surgery. 2.For children with sensorineural deafness, match and use hearing aids within 6 months. For children with severe or very severe deafness who are not effective in wearing hearing aids, cochlear implantation will be performed around 1 year old. 3. Rehabilitation training: After wearing hearing aids or cochlear implant, corresponding hearing-language rehabilitation training and family rehabilitation guidance should be carried out to promote the development of hearing and language of deaf children. V. Follow-up and follow up: Newborns with risk factors for hearing loss should be followed up at least once every 6 months for 3 years even if they pass the hearing screening.