Before the 1980s, treatment of urinary stones: small stones were removed naturally, while large stones were treated by surgery. After the 1990s, with the invention of percutaneous nephrolithoscopy and ureteroscopy and the gradual development of endoluminal therapy, 99% of patients with stones were spared surgery. Traditional surgery disrupts the original anatomy and increases the chances of stone formation. Modern minimally invasive treatment can treat almost all stones, but it does not solve the problem of recurrence. Surgery is only symptomatic treatment, (except for obstruction). Why stones form, how to prevent them, and how to prevent recurrence should be the main questions to follow. In recent years, this problem has been significantly alleviated by effective dietary and pharmacological guidance, following analysis of the nodal composition and assessment of metabolic status.