Autoantibodies are immunoglobulins against proteins or cellular components that occur normally in the organism. The body’s growth, development and survival depend on the maintenance of an intact autoimmune tolerance mechanism, and the normal immune response is protective and defensive, i.e., it does not react to its own tissues and components. Once the integrity of the auto-tolerance mechanism is compromised, the body will view its own tissues and components as “foreign bodies” and develop an autoimmune response, producing autoantibodies. Low titers of autoantibodies can be present in normal human blood and no disease will occur; however, if autoantibody titers exceed a certain level, damage to the body may occur and disease may be induced. Autoimmune reactions can be triggered in several ways 1. Under normal conditions, the body strictly limits the release of substances (hidden antigens) from a specific site (isolated from the immune system) into the systemic circulation, for example, the atrial fluid of the eye is normally confined to the eye, but when the atrial fluid enters the bloodstream during eye trauma, the immune system reacts to it. 2. The substances of the normal body are altered, such as viruses, drugs, sunlight or rays that cause changes in the structure of the 3. The immune system reacts to foreign substances that are similar to its own substances and mistakenly treats its own substances as foreign substances. 4. The cells that control antibody production have certain functional abnormalities, such as cancerous B lymphocytes that produce abnormal antibodies that attack red blood cells.