High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is a more serious grade of cervical epithelial atypia, which means that if it develops further, it is cervical cancer. Cervical atypical epithelial hyperplasia is also known as precancerous lesions, but it is not equivalent to cervical cancer. Of course, the higher the grade, the higher the probability of developing cervical cancer. Therefore, for mild precancerous lesions, regular review is usually possible; for grade 2 precancerous lesions, laser or cervical conization is usually performed; for grade 3 lesions, cervical conization can be performed for younger women with fertility requirements; for older women without fertility requirements, hysterectomy is recommended, and the next treatment plan is usually decided after combining with postoperative pathology. In conclusion, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is generally referred to precancerous lesions of grade 2 and 3. If detected and treated early, further deterioration of the disease can be prevented; otherwise, the further development of the disease is cervical cancer.