The 12th thoracic vertebra is at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and the 12th thoracic vertebra is the site of bilateral 12th rib summation by touching the 12th rib from the back. The 12th thoracic vertebra is located in the thoracolumbar segment and is therefore prone to trauma and degeneration, leading to compression fractures of the vertebral body or protrusion of the adjacent intervertebral disc, mainly related to local curvature changes. Early diagnosis and early treatment can lead to rapid relief of the above lesions in the 12th thoracic vertebra, and accurate localization of the 12th thoracic vertebra can determine whether the disease is in the thoracic vertebra or in the lumbar vertebra. Through X-ray examination and MRI examination, an accurate judgment can be made on the lesions adjacent to the thoracic 12 vertebrae.