Not all pulmonary nodules require surgical treatment, and surgery is clinically considered for malignant pulmonary nodules. Pulmonary malignant nodules are characterized by unsmooth margins, burrs, etc. Patients may present with clinical symptoms such as coughing up blood, wasting, and fever. Patients with benign nodules or nodules caused by pathogenic bacteria do not require surgery clinically. Benign nodules only need to be reviewed periodically, usually six months or a year. If the nodule is caused by pathogenic bacteria, it is necessary to improve the relevant tests to confirm the diagnosis of the pathogenic bacteria and take treatment according to the pathogenic bacteria, such as antibiotics for bacterial infections and antiviral drugs for viral infections.