Esophageal (esophageal) neoplasia refers to precancerous lesions on the epithelium of the esophagus, with the possibility of secondary malignant changes leading to esophageal cancer, and is usually associated with chronic esophagitis as well as chronic esophageal injury. Patients may experience choking sensation when swallowing food and difficulty in swallowing. In case of esophageal neoplasia, esophagoscopy and biopsy pathology are needed to analyze the esophageal lesions. They are generally categorized as mild intraepithelial neoplasia, moderate intraepithelial neoplasia and severe intraepithelial neoplasia according to their severity. Patients can choose endoscopic treatment or surgical treatment for radical treatment under the guidance of doctors. Usually, they need to pay attention to their dietary habits, quit smoking and drinking, and avoid spicy and stimulating and too hot food. When esophageal neoplasia is found, it is recommended that patients seek medical treatment in time to clarify the condition and actively cooperate with the treatment.