Diabetic retinopathy is the most serious complication of the diabetic eye. Diabetic retinopathy is responsible for 15% to 20% of all blindness-causing diseases. The length of history of diabetes and the degree of glycemic control directly affect the development of diabetic retinopathy. How diabetic retinopathy develops From the natural course of the disease, diabetic retinopathy develops chronically, i.e., from absent to present, from mild to severe, and is often characterized by less impact on visual function in the early stages and sudden blindness in the late stages. In the early stages of the disease, fundus examination only reveals microangiomas and retinal punctate hemorrhages. When the lesion continues to develop, capillary occlusion and non-perfused areas appear, the fundus may show obvious ischemic changes, with cotton wool spots and more fundus hemorrhages. When the capillary non-perfused area reaches a certain level, the ischemic changes will stimulate the occurrence of retinal neovascularization, at which time the diabetic retinopathy enters the proliferative phase, and patients in the proliferative phase will have retinal hemorrhage and vitreous hemorrhage at any time, and further development will lead to retinal detachment by traction, causing serious damage to vision. In addition, changes in capillary function and morphology can lead to retinal edema and macular edema, which is also a common cause of diabetic visual impairment. Diabetic patients should pay attention to the following points in daily life 1, control blood sugar key Blood sugar is not well controlled, diabetic retinopathy can gradually deteriorate, and vision is blurred unknowingly, so it is necessary to control blood sugar at or near normal in order to stabilize fundus lesions. 2, control blood pressure Hypertension is an important risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Long-term persistent elevation of blood pressure can cause some pathological changes in the retina and promote the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, blood pressure should be controlled within the normal range. 3.Lipid control Most diabetic patients have abnormal lipid metabolism, and the disorder of lipid metabolism is more serious in those who have combined diabetic retinopathy, and abnormal lipid metabolism can contribute to the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy. 4, reasonable diet high protein, low fat, low salt diet rich in food fiber, appropriate supplementation of vitamins, minerals and trace elements. High sodium is prone to induce hypertension and atherosclerosis, so it is recommended that the diet should not contain too much sodium. For obese patients, it is necessary to reduce weight and reduce the intake of caloric energy. 5, according to their actual situation to choose the appropriate physical exercise exercise can make the cardiovascular system diastolic tend to normalize, the function of the systems to improve, so as to play a role in reducing blood pressure. For obese people, it can reduce weight, promote metabolism, reduce blood viscosity and lipid content, and relieve atherosclerosis. Of course patients with diabetic retinopathy should avoid strenuous exercise, which can easily cause rupture of blood vessels in the fundus, thus aggravating the occurrence of retinopathy. Generally, it is more appropriate to take a walk, play tai chi, light physical activity, etc. 6.Regular examination, early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment Regular fundus examination and fluorescence angiography to monitor the progress of diabetic retinopathy. The interval of eye examination for diabetic patients is recommended: type 1 diabetes: first examination 5 years after the onset of diabetes, and then once a year; type 2 diabetes: first examination when diabetes is diagnosed, and then once a year; if there are abnormal findings during the examination, more frequent follow-up should be performed. In conclusion, diabetic patients should strictly control blood sugar, actively treat hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and go to regular hospitals for regular eye examinations in order to detect early signs of diabetic retinopathy, and seek medical attention as soon as eye symptoms appear in order to protect their existing vision and thus improve their quality of life.