Enlarged atria can undergo radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation, and the degree of atrial enlargement should be assessed before the procedure to grasp the indications for treatment. Enlargement of the atrial structure is the cause of atrial fibrillation, atrial enlargement may increase the risk of cardiac refractoriness, which can lead to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation; patients with atrial fibrillation can be treated with radiofrequency ablation, and cardiac ultrasound should be carried out before the operation to understand the degree of atrial enlargement. Atrial enlargement is not a contraindication to radiofrequency ablation, patients with mildly enlarged atria can undergo radiofrequency ablation, but for patients with significantly enlarged atria, the risk of recurrence will be increased after radiofrequency ablation, and it is not recommended to undergo radiofrequency ablation for patients with atrial diameters greater than 55mm. When radiofrequency ablation is used to treat atrial fibrillation, it is important to perform a thorough evaluation of the condition and select the indications under the guidance of a physician to increase the success rate of the procedure.