What are the commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs? The so-called oral hypoglycemic drugs mainly refer to western drugs. At present, the commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice include sulfonylureas, biguanides and bypyridamides. The main role of sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs is to stimulate insulin secretion, the hypoglycemic effect is moderately strong, there are D860 (methylsulfonylurea), eugenol, mepiquat, glycomet, Damacan, among which eugenol has the strongest effect, mepiquat has a fast and short effect, Damacan has a longer effect, glycomet can be used for patients with diabetic nephropathy. The main role of biguanide hypoglycemic drugs is to reduce appetite, reduce the absorption of sugar, and at the same time can increase the sensitivity of insulin, including hypoglycemia, metformin. Among them, glucagon has been nearly eliminated. The third category of oral medication is Bystolic, which mainly inhibits the breakdown of sugar and reduces postprandial glucose by relieving the absorption of glucose. Secondly, there are three new drugs under development in foreign countries, some of which have already entered the clinical trial stage. Do all diabetic patients have to use glucose-lowering drugs? All diabetic patients have to undergo diet and exercise therapy, so do they all have to take medication and injections? Some people have found that about 20% of type II diabetic patients do not need to use glucose-lowering drugs, and that diet and exercise therapy alone can achieve satisfactory results. The practice of Peking Union Medical College Hospital is that if a type I diabetic patient’s fasting blood glucose is less than 11.1mmol/L and two hours after meal blood glucose is less than 16.7mmol/L at the first consultation, it means that the patient’s pancreatic islets still have certain functions. If the blood glucose control is still unsatisfactory, oral hypoglycemic drugs can be used appropriately according to the situation. Of course, if the patient’s blood sugar is very high at the beginning, for example, fasting blood sugar is higher than 200mg/dl and two hours after meal is higher than 300mg/dl, then it is necessary to use medication in time. If the fasting blood sugar is higher than 300mg/dl and there are more ketone bodies in the urine, it is time to consider the need for insulin therapy. When is physical exercise not recommended for diabetic patients? Patients in the following situations should avoid exercise or reduce the amount of exercise: 1. Very poor blood glucose control. Excessive exercise may cause further elevation of blood sugar and even diabetic ketoacidosis; 2. Heavy diabetic macrovascular complications. At this time, we should strictly choose a good choice of exercise and master the amount of exercise to avoid the occurrence of elevated blood pressure as well as cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction and lower limb necrosis; 3, more serious diabetic fundopathy. Patients with retinal microvascular abnormalities, increased permeability, excessive exercise can increase the fundus lesions, and even cause the rupture of large blood vessels in the fundus bleeding, affecting the patient’s vision, so it is also not appropriate to engage in a large amount of physical exercise; 4, the more serious diabetic nephropathy. Excessive exercise will increase the blood flow to the kidneys, increasing the amount of urinary protein excretion, accelerating the progress of diabetic nephropathy, such patients should not be more strenuous physical exercise; 5, other emergency situations. Including various infections, when cardiac or cerebrovascular disease is not yet stable, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma recovery period. Of course, except for the presence of emergency situations, diabetic patients do not have the need for complete bed rest, but should adhere to a certain amount of exercise, that is, even partial exercise. The key issue is to exercise in an appropriate manner and with an appropriate amount of exercise. What are the precautions for exercise therapy for diabetic patients? Diabetic patients in exercise should pay attention to: 1, blood pressure fluctuations: manifested in the exercise of blood pressure increased, after exercise there is the occurrence of postural hypotension; 2, blood sugar fluctuations: such as hypoglycemia, especially prone to occur in the exercise too much and did not add meals in a timely manner, and sometimes may occur in response to acute blood sugar increase; 3, myocardial ischemia aggravated, and even arrhythmia, myocardial infarction or heart failure; 4, microvascular 4, the aggravation of microvascular complications, such as increased urine protein, retinal hemorrhage and other conditions may occur; 5, the aggravation of sports organ pathologies, such as degenerative joint disease and the occurrence or aggravation of lower limb ulcers. Of course, for the exercise may bring these problems, as long as the indications are mastered, strengthen the guidance and supervision of physical exercise, can be completely avoided. What are the benefits of exercise for diabetics? Physical exercise is one of the important, or even essential, means of treating diabetes. The reason for this is that physical exercise has great benefits for diabetics, these benefits include at least: 1, enhance the body’s sensitivity to insulin Some people have found that diabetics through physical exercise, blood glucose and glucose tolerance has improved, in the blood glucose decreased at the same time, the level of insulin in the blood has also decreased. This indicates that the body’s sensitivity to insulin is increased. This change can occur even if it is not accompanied by weight loss. 2. Reduce blood glucose, blood lipids and blood viscosity. Physical exercise can increase the utilization of blood sugar and blood lipids and enhance insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. 3, conducive to the control of patients with chronic complications of diabetes. Exercise in addition to lowering blood lipids can also make the patient’s blood viscosity decreased, the red blood cell metastasis enhanced, so that the blood supply of various organs can be improved, these are conducive to the control of chronic complications of diabetes. 4.Reducing weight and enhancing physical fitness; physical exercise can make diabetic patients remove excess fatty tissues in their bodies and increase the amount of muscle and physical strength. 5.Bring self-confidence and pleasure to patients’ life.