Focal dysmyelination is a delay in the formation of myelin sheaths, which are relatively underdeveloped. The delay in the formation of myelin sheaths can be caused by hereditary factors, intrauterine hypoxia, viral infections and autoimmune diseases. If focal dysmyelination is present, it will show some abnormality on CT or MRI of the head and is usually caused by viral infections, poisoning, and immune system disorders. This condition occurs most often in infancy and childhood, and may be associated with developmental delays or seizures, as well as limb motor dysfunction and neurologic atrophy. For patients with focal myelination dysplasia, if the symptoms are mild, patients can follow the doctor’s instructions to use vitamin B1, vitamin B12 and other nutritive nerve drugs to achieve the effect of improving the disease. If the condition is more serious, patients can also be injected with rat nerve growth factor to improve the treatment. Meanwhile, rehabilitation training can be carried out under the guidance of professional doctors with motor training, intellectual training, hand function training and sensory function training. If focal myelination is found to be poorly formed, it is recommended to consult a doctor as soon as possible to assess the severity of the disease under the guidance of a professional physician and to give standardized diagnosis and treatment.