Blood sedimentation is the abbreviation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which refers to the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation under certain conditions. The normal value of hematocrit, which is commonly used in China and abroad, should be below 15 mm/h for men and below 20 mm/h for women. In many physiological and pathological conditions, such as during menstruation, under 3 months of pregnancy, and in elderly people over 60 years of age, the sedimentation rate increases, so the sedimentation test is non-specific, but a persistently increased sedimentation rate indicates pathological conditions, such as infection, inflammation, and tumors. Causes of increased hematocrit: 1. Acute pericarditis Acute pericarditis is a syndrome caused by acute inflammation of the visceral and mural layers of the pericardium. Clinical features include chest pain, pericardial friction sounds and a series of abnormal electrocardiographic changes. The etiology is varied and can come from the pericardium itself or be part of a systemic disease. Clinically, tuberculosis, nonspecific, and tumors are more common, and systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and uremia are prone to involve the pericardium and cause pericarditis. The treatment includes etiological treatment of the primary disease, decompression of the heart and symptomatic treatment, and the natural course and prognosis depend on the cause of the disease. 2.myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction is the occlusion of coronary artery and interruption of blood flow, causing local necrosis of part of the myocardium due to severe and persistent ischemia. Clinically, there is severe and more persistent retrosternal pain, fever, leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased serum cardiac enzyme activity and progressive electrocardiographic changes, and arrhythmias, shock or heart failure may occur. A part of diabetic patients or and elderly patients may have painless heart attack. 3. Acute cholecystitis Acute cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the gallbladder duct and bacterial attack; its typical clinical features are paroxysmal colic in the right upper abdomen, accompanied by significant tenderness and abdominal muscle tonicity. About 95% of patients have gallbladder stones, called lithotriptic cholecystitis, while 5% of patients do not have gallbladder stones, called non-lithotriptic cholecystitis. Cholecystitis is a common disease. In China, according to the literature, it ranks as the second most common acute abdominal surgical disorder, after acute appendicitis, and is more common than acute intestinal obstruction and ulcerative perforation. In the past 10 years, with the popularization and widespread use of ultrasound, it has provided a powerful tool for the detection and diagnosis of cholecystitis and biliary tract disorders, which has significantly improved the detection rate and accuracy of biliary tract disorders. Acute cholecystitis is caused by the obstruction of the gallbladder duct by stones, resulting in the retention of bile in the gallbladder, which causes acute inflammation secondary to bacterial infection. In acute nonstone cholecystitis, the cystic duct is often not obstructed. The etiology of most patients is unclear. It often occurs after trauma, or some abdominal surgery unrelated to the biliary system. Acute cholecystitis is a common condition that is an acute chemical and/or bacterial inflammation of the gallbladder. About 95% of patients have a combination of gallbladder stones, called lithotriptic cholecystitis; 5% of patients do not have a combination of gallbladder stones, called non-lithotriptic cholecystitis. 4, pyelonephritis (pyelonephritis) refers to inflammation of the renal pelvis, mostly caused by bacterial infection, usually accompanied by inflammation of the lower urinary tract, which is not easy to distinguish strictly clinically. According to the clinical course and disease, pyelonephritis can be divided into two phases: acute and chronic. Chronic pyelonephritis is an important cause of chronic renal insufficiency. 5. Anemia Anemia is a common clinical condition in which the human peripheral blood erythrocyte volume zang is low and below the lower limit of the normal range. Due to the complexity of red blood cell volume measurement, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is often used clinically instead. Our hematologists believe that in China’s sea level region, adult males with Hb<120g/L, adult females (non-pregnant) with Hb<110g/L, and pregnant women with Hb<100g/L are anemic.