1.What is malignant lymphoma?
A: A group of malignant tumors that originate from lymph nodes or other lymphatic tissues. It can occur in any part of the body. The cause of development is not very clear so far. Related factors: immune dysfunction, infection family susceptibility, chemical factors, physical factors lifestyle, most are the result of a combination of factors.
2.Common means of diagnosing lymphoma?
A: Lymph node biopsy, blood biochemistry, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, others include gastrointestinal imaging, gastroscopy, various enteroscopies (digestive tract), head MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (nervous system), PET/CT, etc.
3.Staging of lymphoma (how far has the disease reached)?
Answer.
Stage I: The lesion involves only a single regional lymph node.
Stage IE: The lesion only invades a single organ other than the lymph nodes.
Stage II: The lesion involves more than 2 regional lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm.
Stage IIE: lesions limited to organs other than lymph nodes and more than 1 regional lymph node on the same side of the diaphragm.
Stage III: Invasion of lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm.
Stage IIIE: The lesion involves an organ other than the lymph nodes, plus lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm.
Stage IV: The lesion has invaded multiple lymph nodes and sites other than lymph nodes, such as the lung, liver, and bone marrow.
A Asymptomatic
B have more than one of the following symptoms: unexplained fever, ≥38℃ for 3 consecutive days, night sweats, weight loss ≥10% within 6 months.
4.How to determine the prognosis of the disease (how serious the disease is)?
Answer.
International Prognostic Index (IPI)
A Age >60 years
P Physical condition (PERFORMANCE STATUS) >1
L LDH > normal
E Extra-nodal lesion >1
S Staging >II
When more risk factors are associated with the above, the prognosis will be worse
5.What are the common treatment methods?
A: Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and surgery. Since the pathological classification of lymphoma is very diverse, the treatment and prognosis of each category are completely different, so different treatment strategies are needed.
6.How to judge effective?
Answer.
Disease remission: one is complete remission, which refers to the complete disappearance of lesions and lasts for more than one month, and the other is partial remission, which refers to the reduction of lesions by more than 50% and lasts for more than one month.
Stable disease: refers to lesions shrinking less than 50%, or increasing not more than 25%, and no new lesions, lasting for more than one month
Disease control: It is a collective term for the two conditions of remission and stability.
7.What should lymphoma patients pay attention to in their daily life?
How to prevent infection in lymphoma patients
Maintain good hygienic habits, wash hands with soap before and after meals, and brush teeth and rinse mouth before bedtime after meals.
Avoid contact with people who have colds and coughs
Keep an eye on your body temperature and changes in your body. If you have a fever over 38 degrees Celsius, chills or shortness of breath, please seek treatment immediately.
Avoid uncooked food such as raw fish or lettuce salad and minimize the consumption of fruit (including freshly squeezed juice) for 7 to 14 days after treatment.
Keep warm to prevent colds
Proper diet helps recovery
As the saying goes, “three parts of treatment and seven parts of nourishment”, diet is an important part of lymphoma recovery. In addition to balanced nutrition, lymphoma patients should not eat or reduce the consumption of foods that may cause cancer, such as fried, baked, smoked and salted foods, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits that contain anti-cancer ingredients.
Active exercise is good for body and mind
2500 years ago, the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates of ancient Greece, pointed out that “sunlight, air, water and exercise are the sources of life and health”, and that life requires exercise, rest and quiet. Exercise should not be excessive, and too much is harmful to health. During the recovery period, lymphoma patients should participate in moderate exercise to improve not only their physical fitness, but also their mental state.
The best aerobic exercise is walking. The simple reference standard is “three, five, seven”, i.e. walking 3 km at medium speed for more than 30 minutes per day, and exercising five times per week. The intensity of the exercise is based on a slight sweat on the surface of the body after exercise, and a heart rate + age of 170 is appropriate.
This amount of exercise is equivalent to moderate intensity exercise for the average person. Other forms of exercise such as tai chi, bicycling, swimming, and dancing are all good and can be chosen according to your preference, as long as you stick to the exercise is beneficial.
Adherence to follow-up is important
Cancer is a special disease, although it is discharged from the hospital with clinical recovery after receiving effective regular radical treatment, there is still a possibility of recurrence or metastasis. Regular follow-up after treatment can not only detect recurrence or metastasis in time, but also provide timely and reasonable treatment so that it can be better controlled; it can also relieve patients’ bad emotions in time so that the “after-effects” of cancer treatment can be reduced to the minimum.
Lymphoma, like other malignant tumors, still has the possibility of recurrence and metastasis after treatment. Most of the recurrences and metastases occur within 5 years, so it is important to follow up regularly in the first 5 years after treatment to detect metastases and recurrences early.
Follow-up time
In general, the follow-up period is every 3 months for the first 2 years after treatment, every 6 months for the next 3 years, and every year after 5 years.
8.Diet for lymphoma patients (special section)
A: A reasonable diet helps recovery. As the saying goes, “three parts of treatment and seven parts of nourishment”, diet is an important part of lymphoma recovery. In addition to balanced nutrition, lymphoma patients should not eat or reduce the consumption of foods that may cause cancer, such as fried, baked, smoked and salted foods, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits that contain anti-cancer ingredients.
Eat more vegetables and fruits. All year round, insist on eating more than 500 grams of various vegetables and fruits every day. It can reduce your risk of cancer by 20% Goal: Eat five servings per day (100 grams each) of antioxidants and bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits that are related to cancer prevention: carotenoid polyphenols, lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E, indoles, dietary fiber, etc.
Specially recommended.
Carrots, sweet potatoes (potatoes), spinach, apricots, melons
Tomatoes
Cauliflower, kale (cabbage), lettuce.
Garlic, onions, shallots.
Dates, kiwi, chanterelles (mushrooms), asparagus
Whole grains, brown rice, oats
Regarding meat, red meat is less than 80 grams per day; choose types that are more primitive in biological evolution; choose fish and poultry over red meat for health benefits; a diet rich in legumes, vegetables and whole grains provides adequate amounts of iron.