It is false that chronic renal failure is actually cured after peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis is a kind of renal replacement therapy and cannot cure renal failure, if the patient has chronic renal failure, it is usually an irreversible change. Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the human peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane and injects dialysate into the peritoneal cavity, with the help of the chemical concentration gradient and osmotic pressure gradient of solutes in the plasma and dialysate in the capillaries on both sides of the peritoneum, to achieve the therapeutic purpose of removing toxins, correcting acidosis and electrolyte disorders through the principle of diffusion and osmosis. When chronic renal failure progresses to the stage of irreversible uremia, renal replacement therapy is required, which includes peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis is now widely used in uremic patients to prolong their life span. Most of the dialysis patients can improve their quality of life by arranging their diet and life rationally and applying medications reasonably while undergoing regular dialysis. It is recommended that patients with chronic renal failure should go to the hospital in time and follow the doctor’s instructions to standardize the diagnosis and treatment, so as to avoid delaying the condition.