Oral hypoglycemic drug therapy is an important method for diabetic patients to control blood sugar. Sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs have precise hypoglycemic effects and are very widely used in clinical practice. Sulfonylureas work by binding to sulfonylurea receptors on the pancreatic β-cell membrane to promote insulin release, thus exerting glucose-lowering effects. Because sulfonylureas work by promoting insulin secretion, they are only suitable for patients with type 2 diabetes whose pancreatic beta cells still have certain functions, but not for type 1 diabetes. Moreover, when sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are used in excessive doses or when eating irregularly, hypoglycemia is likely to occur, and hypoglycemic coma can occur in serious cases, especially in elderly patients. Sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs need to be used under the guidance of a doctor, either alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs, such as glycosidase inhibitors, biguanide preparations, insulin sensitizers, and insulin, depending on the patient’s blood sugar, age, and complications.