Low back pain is the most common ailment of the human spine. You may not have back pain now, but you may have back pain later. In layman’s terms, low back pain is pain in the back, lumbar, lumbosacral and sacroiliac areas, with or without radiating pain in the lower extremities. The nature of pain is mostly vague, dull, stabbing, localized pressure or radiating pain, unfavorable movement, inconvenience in pitching and tilting, inability to hold weight, difficulty in walking, weakness of limbs, and even dysfunction of lumbar forward flexion, back extension, lateral bending, and in severe cases, spinal deformity. Epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence of chronic low back pain is related to the nature of work, occupational habits, weather and other factors. Specific causes include: lifting or forceful lifting and moving heavy objects; bending and improper postural twisting; and climatic factors (cold, damp). Among them, many people are particularly sensitive to cold and damp, and some patients laughingly claim that they are the weather forecasters, and even know that the weather becomes cold and rainy earlier than the weather station. Once the wind chill is accidentally caught, there will be no doubt that the pain in the lower back will attack. In addition, when bending over to extract heavy objects, the posterior structures of the spine, the intervertebral joints and joint capsule, the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments and the paravertebral muscles, can all be damaged to varying degrees, leading to low back pain. Similarly, prolonged sitting is considered a high risk factor for low back pain. Many diseases can manifest as low back pain in the early and middle stages: vertebral slippage, ankylosing spondylitis, disc herniation, spinal stenosis, lumbar muscle strain, myofasciitis of the low back, spinal cord compression of various causes, postherpetic neuralgia, etc. Many internal diseases can also manifest as low back pain, such as nephritis, urinary stones, cholecystitis, gallbladder stones, ulcers in the stomach and duodenum bulb, endometritis etc. The interesting thing is that there are also many clinical cases of low back pain without low back pain. The most common ones are mostly pain in the inner and outer thighs. When doctors tell them that it may be a lumbar problem, many people are confused: I obviously have leg pain, what does it have to do with the lower back? In fact, this is the reason for the brain’s perception function. Since the back problem causes the nerves that innervate the thigh to be excited, our brain thinks that there is a problem with the thigh and feels the pain in the leg. Many people will say that although they feel pain in the thigh, but they can’t find which part of the thigh hurts when they feel it, but there is a very obvious pressure pain in the lower back. Generally speaking, the lateral skin area of the thigh, the anterior medial skin area of the calf, the posterior lateral thigh, and the lateral skin area of the calf are all innervated by different lumbar spinal nerves. Seeking an experienced doctor, most of them will find the root of the problem and thus treat it symptomatically. The treatment of chronic low back pain must be an individualized program that broadly consists of the following: The first is warmth, rest and functional forging: once an episode of low back pain has occurred, hot compresses can be applied after 24 hours to promote inflammation, relieve muscle spasm and improve the pain state. Whether the patient needs rest depends on its etiology. Those who need absolute rest are acute disc prolapse and extrusion fracture, those who need part-time rest are osteoporosis and osteochondrosis, and those who need as little rest as possible are ankylosing spondylitis. After the acute phase of severe back pain, regardless of the cause, patients need to rest, and after a recovery period they need to rely on exercise to restore function, at which time they should engage in as much exercise as possible. In particular, we should strengthen the functional training of abdominal and low back muscles, such as playing badminton, tennis or swimming, etc. If the muscles of the whole trunk are strong, they can well protect the low back from injury, and also improve muscle blood circulation and promote metabolism to achieve good therapeutic and preventive effects. Patients with low back injuries can also practice activities such as yoga and tai chi to enhance body flexibility and relieve muscle tension in the lower back. Maintaining good posture is also very important to prevent low back pain. You should use a small pillow to cushion your lower back when taking a sitting position, and you can remove the small pillow for 5 minutes every half hour, which will allow the lower back to change position frequently. Do not sit or stand for long periods of time to allow the lumbar muscles to rest effectively. The second is physical therapy and medication: such as traction therapy, xenon light, low frequency, ultrasound therapy or Chinese acupuncture point therapy all play an important role in the treatment of low back pain. Many patients are afraid or reluctant to take some drugs, non-steroidal drugs or injury drugs, thinking that they are very hurtful, in fact, if they can reasonably take allopathic drugs in the acute stage, they can not only improve the symptoms effectively, but also shorten the course of the disease, and should be treated actively. The third is nerve block or minimally invasive interventional therapy: for patients with chronic low back pain with lumbar disc herniation, lumbar degeneration or spinal stenosis, paravertebral or epidural nerve block can effectively relieve pain, and the compound use of glucocorticoids can reduce inflammation faster and have better effect. Nerve block refers to the injection of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs around the central and peripheral nerves to achieve pain treatment, which is a treatment method in modern medicine for patients for whom drugs are ineffective and who are not suitable for surgery. Nerve block for pain treatment can effectively eliminate inflammation, repair nerves, reduce muscle spasm and relieve pain, which can be said to be a treatment method that treats both the symptoms and the root cause. Other techniques such as radiofrequency, which is the most commonly used interventional pain treatment technique, has been used for chronic low back pain treatment for more than 40 years, causing less and less tissue damage and increasing safety as the technology improves. Ozone is also one of the safer treatments because it promotes the dissipation of inflammation and dehydration and atrophy of the nucleus pulposus to reduce the compression of nerve roots.