Nerve sheath tumors may recur, there is no authoritative information on the specific recurrence rate, and radiation therapy is generally used to reduce local recurrence with a good prognosis. Nerve sheath tumor is a benign neoplastic disease originating from nerve sheath cells. Although there is no authoritative clinical information about the recurrence rate of nerve sheath tumor, usually, the recurrence rate is relatively low after complete removal of nerve sheath tumor, and malignant transformation rarely occurs, the success rate of clinical treatment is high, and the prognosis is good. Nerve sheath tumors can be treated with medication, surgery and radiotherapy, and relevant studies have shown that timely radiotherapy can, to a certain extent, reduce the recurrence of local nerve sheath tumors and also control distant metastasis of the tumors. The etiology of this disease is still unclear, and may be related to genetic mutation. In conclusion, when patients are examined with nerve sheath tumor, they need to go to the hospital in time, cooperate with the doctor for standardized treatment, and after the operation, they need to strengthen the management of daily life and follow up on time.