Malignant hypertension is characterized by a sudden and significant increase in blood pressure, which may be accompanied by heart, brain, kidney and other vital organ insufficiency. Malignant hypertension, also known as hypertensive emergency, is a condition in which a hypertensive patient’s blood pressure can exceed 180/120 mmHg under the effect of certain triggers and is accompanied by cardiac, cerebral, renal and other vital organ insufficiency. In a few patients, the condition develops rapidly, and the diastolic blood pressure can be ≥130mmHg continuously, accompanied by headache, blurred vision, fundus hemorrhage, renal damage manifestations. Malignant hypertension is a critical condition and immediate medical attention should be sought. Timely lowering of blood pressure is crucial, and drugs such as sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin can be used as prescribed by the doctor. Patients with high blood pressure should take medication on time and undergo regular checkups as prescribed by their doctors, and seek prompt medical attention if they have any of the above symptoms.