At present, there are many misconceptions, rumors and untrue opinions about children’s brain development, which have some negative effects on family education and children’s upbringing. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the basic rules and characteristics of children’s brain development and give scientifically based explanations for raising healthy children. Human brain development in childhood “condenses” and shows the morphological and functional characteristics of brain evolution, and has so far formed a more constant developmental pattern, developmental sequence and cognitive traits. Good and rich environmental stimuli can promote or improve the development of children’s brains, but the stimuli consistent with development should follow the basic laws of brain development, i.e., human intervention, early education or stimulation should follow the natural laws of children’s brain development and its characteristics. It is well established that brain development is not only regulated by genetic factors, but its developmental sequence and the pattern of constructing neural networks are closely related to the long environmental interactions in human evolution, and the environment has a strong “sculpting” effect on brain morphology and function formation. It should be emphasized that the acquisition of visuospatial abilities during childhood, the formation of biological clocks, parent-child attachment, lateralization and localization of brain hemisphere functions, the formation of “social brain” networks, neuronal apoptosis and axonal “pruning”, network programming, the sequence of cortical myelination, the emergence of “theory of mind”, and the development of the “social brain”, “This is not only an important basis for children’s education and training, but also an important basis for exploring the brain mechanisms of various developmental behavioral disorders and their correction. This is not only an important basis for children’s education and development, but also an important insight into the brain mechanisms of various developmental behavioral disorders and their treatment. Studies have shown that theories such as the “social brain” and related theories have been found to have a basis and a neurological basis for the development of some developmental behavioral disorders.