Winter is the season when diabetes is most likely to worsen and complications are more frequent. Many diabetic patients have poor blood sugar control due to cold and flu, and some patients have infection or even gangrene due to frostbite and cracked feet. This is because when the weather suddenly becomes cold, the sympathetic nerves of diabetic patients are in an excited state, causing an increase in adrenaline secretion, which promotes the absorption of glucose in the intestine and inhibits the uptake of glucose in muscle tissues and the secretion of insulin, thus making the patient’s blood glucose rise and causing the condition to worsen or not be easily controlled. On the other hand, diabetic patients lack insulin, their muscles’ ability to take in glucose is reduced, their bodies do not produce enough heat, their immune function is reduced, and they are often prone to colds in winter when the temperature drops, which can also lead to repeated aggravation of the disease. Cold can also cause vasoconstriction, which is an important cause of cardiovascular complications of diabetes. In addition, due to the cold climate, many patients are reluctant to go outside, resulting in weight gain and elevated blood glucose and blood lipids. Therefore, it is important for diabetic patients to monitor their blood sugar in winter and adjust their medication regimen according to the changes in their condition under the guidance of their doctors. At the same time, diabetic patients should follow the following principles to do a good job of self-care, to prevent the emergence of various complications, and safely through the winter. As the resistance of diabetic patients is relatively low, they are more prone to respiratory infections, especially elderly diabetic patients, who are often accompanied by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease bases, and the secondary infection is relatively serious and may lead to death. Strengthening physical exercise is the best way, diabetic patients are suitable for aerobic exercise, such as jogging, walking, playing taijiquan, dancing taiji sword, etc. You can also do some chest expansion exercises, sit-ups and back muscle exercises, etc., which can help to enhance the function of the respiratory tract. Exercise can stimulate insulin secretion, which is very beneficial for regulating blood sugar and stabilizing mood. In addition, you should pay attention to warmth, strengthen personal protection, avoid or reduce access to crowded places, pay attention to oral and nasal cleaning and care; eat more food rich in vitamin C. Second, to prevent urinary tract infections in autumn and winter, people’s water intake decreases, urine flushing the urethra to keep the urinary tract clean is reduced, when the blood sugar of diabetic patients is greater than 10mmol/L, urine contains sugar, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of bacteria, so the chance of urinary tract infections increases, especially for female diabetic patients. Therefore, it is important to control blood sugar and ensure that you drink 2000 ml of water every day so that you have enough urine to flush the urinary tract and reduce the chance of infection, in addition to good personal cleaning care. Third, prevent diabetic foot Diabetic patients are prone to complications of peripheral neuropathy and microangiopathy, which can cause damage to nociceptive fibers, dull or disappear the sensation of external mechanical damage and temperature damage, and easily burned when it is cold and warm. In addition, the incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients is much higher than in non-diabetic patients, and atherosclerosis and thrombosis of the lower limbs may cause segmental blockage of the blood vessels, coupled with increased platelet aggregation, increased blood viscosity, microcirculation disorders and foot ischemia, which is not easy to heal after scalding, and further development to ulceration, infection, and even foot necrosis, that is, diabetic foot. Every night with about 45 ℃ warm water soak, wash feet for 15 minutes, which helps to prevent cold and improve foot circulation; hot water bags for warmth, the water temperature should be adjusted to about 50 ℃; wear soft cotton socks, shoe size to fit the foot, to prevent a variety of possible injuries; active, regular treatment of tinea pedis, nail infection and other foot diseases. Fourth, anti-pruritus skin sweat and oil are necessary to protect the skin lubrication substances, but the skin in autumn and winter in order to keep warm, capillaries will contract up, sweat reduced, while metabolism is reduced, oil secretion is not vigorous, thus the skin will become dry. Therefore, the temperature of the bath water can not be too high, controlled at about 40 degrees can be, do not take too long, try to use weak alkaline or neutral soap, body wash, etc., after the bath the whole body should be coated with emollient milk, keep the skin moist. Try not to scratch, so as not to scratch after the infection. Five, prevent dietary excesses during the holiday season, still can not give up dietary treatment, otherwise it may lead to great fluctuations in blood sugar, urine sugar, disrupting the body’s equilibrium. You should know that overeating can lead to acute complications and danger, and the festive atmosphere of the family will be washed away, which is not worth the loss. As much as possible, choose foods according to the principles of dietary balance. Avoid foods high in sugar and fat, and choose the four main types of food (cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, meat, poultry, fish, dairy, eggs and beans, and fats and oils) within the prescribed intake, without preferring one type of food over another. The amount of food eaten is still in accordance with the amount of regular meals, each meal to eat a moderate amount of lean shredded meat or meat, and then choose some pure vegetables or cold vegetables. Master the time of eating and taking medication, and still take medication regularly, quantitatively and quantitatively, and regularly, in order to ensure stable blood sugar and prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemia. Drinking alcohol should be moderate.