Adenoids, also known as pharyngeal tonsils or proliferators, are located at the top of the human nasopharynx and the posterior pharyngeal wall and are lymphatic tissue. Pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids can occur due to repeated stimulation by inflammation, i.e., adenoid hypertrophy, which occurs in children. The common causes of adenoid hypertrophy in children are sinusitis and recurrent episodes of acute and chronic nasopharyngitis, as well as various acute infectious diseases in childhood, leading to increased nasal obstruction and obstruction of nasal drainage. Stimulation by rhinitis and sinusitis secretions can lead to hyperplasia of the adenoids, thus aggravating the discomfort. The main clinical manifestations of adenoid hypertrophy in children are nasal congestion, runny nose, open mouth breathing, snoring at night, sleep disturbance, and adenoid face, etc. Patients are advised to go to the hospital for treatment promptly after symptoms appear so as not to affect the growth and development of children. Clinical treatment for adenoid hypertrophy in children includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Conservative treatment generally refers to medication, which can be treated with antibiotics and nasal spray drugs, such as amoxicillin, mometasone furoate nasal spray, budesonide nasal spray, etc., which need to be applied under the guidance of a doctor. Surgical treatment is suitable for those who have failed to be treated by conservative treatment, mainly using a suction cutter combined with low-temperature plasma tip for surgical treatment, with less bleeding and trauma throughout the operation, and less pain for the child after the operation. In addition, parents should pay attention to the children’s warmth to avoid catching a cold. In case of sleep snoring and open-mouth breathing, children should be brought to the hospital in time.