Knowledge of retinoblastoma, prenatal testing and postnatal screening can reduce the incidence of retinoblastoma, as well as improve survival and quality of life after the disease. Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor originating from the precursor cells of photoreceptors, which is caused by genetic factors or gene mutations. It is most common in children, and in some populations is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance with a familial predisposition, while in some patients it is caused by genetic mutations and cellular variants. Good prenatal examination of the fetus and screening of infants after birth can help reduce its incidence, achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease, which in turn can also improve the prognosis to a certain extent.