Definition: Obstruction of the passage of intestinal contents due to any cause is collectively referred to as intestinal obstruction. There are many causes and types, and the condition can be life-threatening in severity.
Classification: Causes of obstruction (mechanical, dynamic, hemodynamic, unknown cause) Blood flow of the intestinal wall (simple, strangulated) Site of obstruction (high small bowel, low small bowel, colon) Degree of obstruction (complete, incomplete)
Symptoms: Abdominal pain-most of the onset presents as paroxysmal abdominal cramps with high-pitched bowel sounds. Vomiting – The early or late appearance is related to the height of the obstruction. The vomit is mainly stomach and duodenal contents. Abdominal distension-mostly occurs after abdominal pain, and its degree is related to the level of the obstruction. Decrease or cessation of defecation – The intestinal contents cannot pass through the obstruction site or the passage is obstructed, and the clinical manifestation is the cessation or decrease of anal defecation.
Ancillary tests: laboratory tests – white blood cells may be elevated, electrolytes and acid-base balance may be disturbed. Abdominal radiographs – dilated intestinal tubes and air-fluid planes can be seen.
Diagnostic steps: 1. Is there an obstruction?
2, mechanical or dynamic obstruction?
3, Simple or strangulated obstruction?
4, High or low obstruction?
5, complete or incomplete obstruction?
6.The cause of obstruction?
Treatment: Non-surgical treatment – basic treatment measures, fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, fluid replacement, nutritional support, anti-infection. Surgical treatment – Most of them require surgical treatment, the purpose of which is to release the obstruction and remove the cause. The surgical approach varies widely depending on the cause and location of the obstruction.