Parapneumonic emphysema of the upper lobe septum of both lungs belongs to the category of limited emphysema, which is a type of emphysema manifestation, mostly seen in young people, all with a history of smoking, occupational dust exposure, and recurrent respiratory infections. Limited emphysema, if not intervened and prevented early, can eventually lead to emphysema, and with age, further decline in respiratory function can lead to diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic pulmonary heart disease. For limited emphysema it is even more important to prevent it in advance. It is recommended to quit smoking, stay away from occupational dust exposure, prevent recurrent respiratory infections, monitor lung imaging and pulmonary function measurements regularly, and if changes in pulmonary function occur, use medication to alleviate the progression of the disease in time.