Emphysema is a pathological state of decreased airway elasticity, hyperinflation, inflation and increased lung volume or concomitant airway wall destruction in the distal end fine bronchi (respiratory fine bronchi, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli). The clinical manifestations are progressive dyspnea and limited mobility, often complicated by pulmonary heart disease, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. Pulmonary alveolus is a form of limited emphysema. Pulmonary blisters are highly distended, formed by rupture and fusion of the alveolar walls with each other, and are usually caused by activating obstruction of the small bronchi. Patients may experience progressively increasing chest tightness and shortness of breath. In patients with large pulmonary blisters that occupy 30% to 70% of one side of the chest cavity and are clinically symptomatic without other lung lesions, surgical removal of pulmonary blisters can result in reopening of the compressed lung tissue, increase in respiratory area, disappearance of intrapulmonary shunts, increase in arterial partial pressure of oxygen, decrease in airway resistance, and increase in ventilation, and the patient’s symptoms of dyspnea such as chest tightness and shortness of breath can be significantly improved. The surgery is mainly for volume reduction, and as much healthy lung tissue as possible should be preserved during the operation, and the pulmonary herpes and emphysema should be removed, which relieves the pulmonary herpes and emphysema compression and improves the ventilation blood flow.