The most important significance of urine exfoliative cell examination is to find out whether there are abnormal cells, that is, whether there are tumor cells. The most common manifestation of tumor cells is that the nucleus becomes larger and after staining, the nucleus is deeply stained, in which case the presence of urothelial tract tumor should be considered. Many patients with urinary tract tumors are found to have red blood cells through routine urine examination, but ultrasound does not reveal any other parts with obvious tumor lesions. In this case, urine exfoliative cytology can be done to find out whether there are heterogeneous cells. If there are, urinary tract tumor should be considered and further follow-up examination should be done. It is recommended that urine exfoliative cell examination should be done three times in a row so that the success rate of the examination will be higher.