Coughing and sputum after surgery can be treated with expectorant medications, such as carboxymesterol oral solution and tranylcypromine syrup, and nebulized inhalation, such as budesonide solution, tranylcypromine and chymotrypsin to promote sputum expulsion. If the sputum is relatively large and the patient is unable to cough up the sputum violently due to surgery and cannot cough up the sputum by himself, he can choose to use a suction machine to aspirate the sputum from the airway. In addition, sputum can be collected for pathogen culture to clarify the cause of the disease, and drug sensitivity tests can be done to select the drugs to be used. For example, amoxicillin clavulanate potassium, cefoperazone sodium sulbactam sodium and other drugs can be chosen for bacterial infections.