The high and low levels of perianal abscesses are determined by whether the infection extends above the anal raphe muscle. If the infection extends above the pudendal muscle, it is a high-grade perianal abscess; below the pudendal muscle, it is a low-grade perianal abscess. 1. High-level perianal abscess: perianal abscess located above the external anal sphincter, mainly due to bacterial infection with systemic toxin reaction. It is also accompanied by symptoms such as headache and fever. Surgery is required to incise and drain the abscess, incise the abscess and remove the pus cavity. At the same time, high hanging treatment is needed to prevent damage to the anal sphincter. 2. Low-level perianal abscess: abscesses located below the anal raphe muscle are the most common type of perianal abscess, formed as a result of the infection spreading outward and downward. Low-level perianal abscesses can be treated with antibiotics in the early stages, and if an abscess has formed, it needs to be surgically removed and drained, and receive surgical treatment as soon as possible. Whether it is a low or high perianal abscess, patients are advised to undergo surgery as soon as possible after diagnosis. Timely dressing change after surgery is beneficial to wound healing and prevention of related complications.