There are many causes of painful urination, and the common causes are as follows: First, due to interstitial cystitis, patients with interstitial cystitis have a normal urinary routine, but painful urination. In the second type, overactive bladder, the urinary routine is normal, but the patient also has painful urination and urinary urgency, and needs to be treated with m-blockers. The third type, urethral syndrome due to estrogen deficiency in older women, has normal urinary routine but also presents with painful urination and can be treated with topical estrogen.