Coronary heart disease in the decade almost reached a rampant degree, the United States every year the number of deaths from coronary heart disease up to 50 – 600,000 people, 1.3 million people suffer from myocardial infarction each year; China in 1972, 22 provinces and cities in the census, the total prevalence of coronary heart disease for 6.46%, the analysis of the causes of death of urban dwellers found that deaths due to coronary heart disease, in the 50s for the 10th, in the 70s rose to the third place, some of the Some big cities have jumped to the first place. Therefore, the fact to people cautioned that coronary heart disease is or has become the enemy of human health. 1. What is coronary heart disease? Due to cholesterol lipid deposition in the coronary artery intima-media wall, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, connective tissue proliferation, and platelet aggregation to form atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in luminal narrowing or occlusion, or by the coronary artery intima-media smooth muscle contraction of the coronary artery spasm caused by strong contraction of the coronary artery, resulting in myocardial ischemia changes, common angina pectoris, myocardial infarction. High blood cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, smoking, obesity, weight, family genetics, lack of physical activity, personality and mental factors are the main risk factors for this disease. 2.What is coronary angiography? Coronary angiography is a special catheter inserted into the opening of the right and left coronary arteries through the femoral artery of the thigh or the arteries of the upper limb after puncture, injecting contrast medium, which can make the coronary arteries and their main branches clearly visible, so as to observe the situation of the blood vessels, determine the degree of severity of the lesion, and confirm the location and scope of the lesion, which is of direct and definite diagnostic value. It is the most effective examination method to confirm the diagnosis of coronary heart disease before surgery or to verify the effect after surgery. 3.Who needs coronary angiography? Generally speaking, all patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease should have coronary angiography in order to confirm the diagnosis and treatment. It mainly refers to those who have chest pain during physical activity or emotional excitement, which can be relieved after resting for a few minutes. These patients should have coronary angiography to determine whether they have coronary artery disease or not, and to provide the basis for the next step of treatment. 4.What is PTCA? After coronary angiography confirms the existence of severe coronary artery stenosis, PTCA treatment will be carried out according to the situation. The so-called PTCA refers to “percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty”, which is a procedure in which a catheter with a balloon is delivered to the diseased part of the coronary artery via the femoral artery or the radial artery under X-ray fluoroscopy, and the balloon is filled with pressure to expand the stenotic lesion, thus improving the blood supply of the myocardium and relieving the symptoms. 5.What is stenting? Why is stenting performed? After the stenotic lesion is dilated by the balloon, 40% of the lesion will be restenotic, and some patients will have acute coronary occlusion leading to acute infarction or death, so after the dilatation of the blood vessel is completed, an intracoronary stent is needed to permanently hold the lesion open. Stent implantation is intended to minimize plaque collapse after tearing, acute occlusion, increase procedural safety, and reduce restenosis. 6. What is a drug-coated stent? The most prominent problem after PTCA and stenting is restenosis 3~8 months after surgery, the incidence of which can reach 20%~30%. Drug-coated (eluting) stents that have not appeared since the last century have solved the problem to a certain extent, and rapamycin-coated stents and zilphenol-coated stents are the best drug-coated stents known to have the best effect at the present time, and the rapamycin-coated stents now used in the clinic are “Heart Case” (Cypher and Cypher-select, produced by Johnson & Johnson, USA). Many clinical trials have reported that the restenosis rate of patients with rapamycin-coated stents is 0~9% at 2 years after surgery, so it is in principle applicable to patients with indications for coronary stent implantation, but the price of drug-coated stents is relatively expensive at present. 7, indications for coronary intervention (1) acute myocardial infarction within 12 hours of the onset of disease; (2) myocardial infarction thrombolysis for remedial PTCA or stenting; (3) patients with old myocardial infarction, as well as patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris, PTCA, stenting; (4) surgical bypass grafting patients, patients with bridging stenosis, and previously listed as a contraindication to coronary artery stenting, and the left main stem occlusion. Complete occlusion and left main stem stenosis, etc. can receive interventional therapy. 8.What is the purpose of emergency intervention for patients with acute myocardial infarction? Acute myocardial infarction is caused by sudden blockage of coronary arteries, and the cause of sudden blockage of coronary arteries is thrombosis in coronary arteries. If the blocked coronary artery is not opened, many heart muscle cells will die. Since human cardiomyocytes cannot regenerate after necrosis, plus cardiomyocyte necrosis can lead to sudden death of the heart. Therefore, everything possible must be done to open the blocked coronary arteries as early as possible to save the dying heart muscle cells.