Coronary heart disease is a kind of heart disease in which the coronary arteries undergo severe atherosclerotic stenosis or obstruction, or spasm and thrombosis on this basis, resulting in narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries and causing insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries, myocardial ischemia, or myocardial infarction. Coronary heart disease is the primary cause of death in western countries, although China is a low incidence of coronary heart disease, but in recent years the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease has increased year by year, has become the main cause of death. Epidemiological studies of coronary heart disease show that: the incidence of coronary heart disease and mortality rate in our country there are obvious regional distribution differences, urban coronary heart disease mortality rate is higher than the rural areas. China’s northern provinces and cities is higher than the southern provinces and cities, the highest male incidence is Qingdao, Shandong Province, 108.7/100,000, the lowest is Chuzhou, Anhui Province, a difference of 32.9 times; the two mortality rate difference of 17.6 times. First, the risk factors of coronary heart disease 1, hypercholesterolemia hypercholesterolemia is all the risk factors of coronary heart disease in the most harmful kind of risk factors, in the intervention of coronary heart disease treatment, cholesterol as the number one treatment. 2.Hypertriglyceridemia triglyceride has been proven to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. 3.Smoking Smoking is one of the important risk factors for coronary heart disease. Clinical studies have shown that: daily smoking 10 cigarettes, men’s risk of cardiovascular death increased by 18%, women increased by 31%; daily smoking a packet of cigarettes in patients with hypertension to stop smoking, the risk of cardiovascular disease decreased by 35% -40%. The relative risk of sudden coronary heart disease death in male smokers was 10 times that of nonsmokers and 4.5 times that of women, and this risk declined rapidly after cessation of smoking, with the risk of coronary heart disease similar to that of nonsmokers after 3 years. Therefore, smoking as a risk factor is the easiest and most economical to treat, and it is recommended that people who already suffer from coronary heart disease or who combine other risk factors should immediately stop smoking. 4, hypertension hypertension is also an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. According to statistics, there are about 110 million hypertensive patients in our country, and only 30% of them have received drug treatment. Studies show that: diastolic blood pressure >105mmHg hypertension patients the risk of coronary heart disease than diastolic blood pressure <76mmHg patients 5-6 times higher, and diastolic blood pressure rises 7.5mmHg, the risk of coronary heart disease increased by 29%. 5, diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus almost affects from atherosclerosis formation to cardiac death of all links, its as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is indisputable. Diabetes and other risk factors often co-exist, diabetic patients are often accompanied by hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia and so on. 6, family genetic history of coronary heart disease has a clear genetic predisposition. Studies have shown that: a family history of coronary heart disease in the population than no family history of coronary heart disease in the population of coronary heart disease risk increased 2.0-3.9 times, the risk of myocardial infarction increased by 2.2 times, and coronary heart disease occurs a few years in advance. 7, obesity obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 50 years old after the incidence of cardiovascular disease in obese men is 2 times the incidence of non-obese people, in women is 2.5 times. The risk of coronary heart disease is greater in obese people. If simple obesity is not accompanied by hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, the risk of coronary heart disease is relatively reduced. 8, drinking alcohol and coronary heart disease relationship has not been fully elucidated. At present, most research data show that the relationship between alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease is “U” type, light drinking (ethanol 10-30 grams / day) when the risk of coronary heart disease is lower than those who do not drink, but excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and cerebral hemorrhage. Second, the symptoms of coronary heart disease most patients can make a clear diagnosis based on medical history alone. Typical symptoms of coronary heart disease have four basic features: pain site, pain and movement relationship, pain characteristics and pain duration. 1, the site of pain typical angina is located behind the sternum, can be to both sides of the chest, both upper arms (left side is common), as well as the neck, hips, can also be radiated to the back. Most commonly, the pain begins in one area and radiates only to the center of the chest. 2, the relationship between pain and exercise in most cases, exercise increased myocardial oxygen consumption will trigger angina, pain relief after rest. Some patients have resting angina. Emotional changes can also sometimes trigger an attack of angina pectoris. Although angina is often characterized as pain, some patients often describe chest discomfort as a feeling of pressure or squeezing. 4. Pain durationPhysical activity-induced angina usually resolves on its own within 1-3 minutes after cessation of activity, and can last for more than 10 minutes after very strenuous activity. Angina induced by emotional excitement has a slower relief time than that induced by physical activity. Third, the examination of coronary heart disease 1, electrocardiogram electrocardiogram can not be completely sure or exclude coronary heart disease. Even in patients with very severe angina, it is not uncommon for the resting ECG to be normal. In the presence of myocardial infarction or cardiac conduction disorders, ECG is helpful for diagnosis. 2, load electrocardiogram (plate exercise test) load electrocardiogram for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease sensitivity is about 70%, specificity is about 90%. Stress electrocardiogram is valuable in confirming asymptomatic ischemia, predicting the prognosis of patients with stable angina, and following the treatment and progress of the disease. 3. Ambulatory monitoring is less sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease than the loading ECG, but it can show myocardial ischemia that is not induced during exercise. 4.Echocardiography helps to evaluate the size of the cardiac chambers, the local and overall function of the left ventricle, the presence or absence of ventricular wall tumor formation, and the morphology and function of the valves. 5.Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy The specificity and sensitivity of this test for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is higher than that of load electrocardiogram. 6, coronary arteriography coronary arteriography is the most accurate way to confirm the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. It is through a very thin catheter through the femoral artery or elbow artery into the opening of the coronary artery, injecting contrast medium to accurately diagnose the existence of coronary heart disease and the degree of coronary heart disease. Coronary angiography is basically painless and has become a routine test for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Fourth, the treatment of coronary heart disease coronary heart disease treatment includes drug therapy, internal medicine intervention therapy and surgical treatment. 1, drug therapy drug treatment is suitable for conscious symptoms, but the lesions are light do not need to perform medical or surgical treatment; lesions are very serious, the coronary artery blood vessels are very fine is not suitable for medical intervention or surgery, as well as the combination of other organs of the body with severe dysfunction, can not tolerate the intervention or surgical treatment of the patient. Commonly used drugs include: nitrate drugs (nitroglycerin, analgesia, long-acting isradine, etc.), calcium antagonists (cardioplegia, isobarbital, etc.), β-blockers (amiloride, betalactam, etc.), antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, pansentin, etc.). 2.Internal interventional therapy in recent years, the rapid development of internal interventional therapy in the world, internal interventional therapy due to less trauma, fast recovery by more patients with coronary heart disease accepted. Especially in recent years, the application of drug-coated stents has significantly reduced the incidence of restenosis after interventional therapy and greatly improved the long-term efficacy of interventional therapy. 3, surgical coronary artery bypass grafting coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is suitable for the vast majority of patients with coronary artery disease, especially unstable angina pectoris and systemic drug treatment is ineffective. Surgery is suitable for: (1) coronary artery left trunk or multi-branch vascular lesions (2) coronary artery left trunk stenosis ≥ 50% or the main coronary artery stenosis of 75% or more and the distal vascular patency, vascular diameter of ≥ 1.5mm (3) failure of medical intervention or interventional therapy after re-stenosis (4) myocardial bridges, anomalies in the origin of coronary arteries coronary artery bypass grafting materials: including their own internal mammary artery, Saphenous vein, flexor artery, gastro retinal artery, etc. The main methods of coronary artery bypass grafting are: coronary artery bypass grafting under extracorporeal circulation and coronary artery bypass grafting under non-extracorporeal circulation coronary artery bypass grafting postoperative efficacy: the surgery has immediate effect in relieving the symptoms of angina pectoris and improving the function of the heart, and the quality of life can be restored to be more satisfactory after the surgery. Most patients are able to engage in moderate or strenuous physical activities after surgery.