Laparoscopic surgery for bilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux in children [Abstract] Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir surgery for bilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of four children with bilateral primary vesicoureteral reflux treated by laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir surgery from September 2007 to September 2009 was performed. Results Four children, all of whom were admitted for recurrent urinary tract infections, were treated. The mean age was 6.5 years (5-8 years). One male and three female cases, all of them had voiding row cystourethrography (VCUG) suggesting bilateral VUR, including 2 sides of grade V, 3 sides of grade IV and 3 sides of grade III. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) nephrography confirmed the presence of one or both renal scars in all cases. Laparoscopic Lieh-Gregoir surgery was successfully completed outside the bladder via the abdominal route in all cases. The mean operative time was 200 min (140-300 min), with no significant intraoperative bleeding and a mean postoperative hospital stay of 6 d (5-7 d). The average follow-up was 18.5 months (6-30 months). 6 months postoperative VCUG review in all children confirmed complete resolution of vesicoureteral reflux without febrile urinary tract infection or new renal scar formation. 1 child had short-term postoperative urinary retention, and the symptoms disappeared after 1 week of indwelling catheterization. Conclusion Our preliminary experience shows that laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir procedure is safe, effective, minimally invasive, and has a rapid postoperative recovery, and is expected to be a more ideal treatment for primary vesicoureteral reflux in children, especially for bilateral lesions.