Ovarian cysts are relatively common tumors of the female genitalia. Although small, the ovary is a complex tissue and has the largest number of tumor types in all organs of the body. According to the histologic type, there are benign, junctional, and malignant. With the exception of well-defined physiologic cysts, which can be followed up with regular observation, most cysts of the ovary, especially those larger than 5 cm in diameter, or in prepubertal, postmenopausal, or women of childbearing age who take oral contraceptives, have enlarged ovaries and should be treated surgically upon diagnosis. The choice of the extent of surgery should be determined by the nature of the cyst, the patient’s age, the presence of fertility requirements and the condition of the contralateral ovary. Ovarian cyst excision, adnexectomy of the affected side, total hysterectomy and double adnexectomy are often used, and frozen section will be done for histological examination to determine the scope of surgery if necessary. In the case of malignant tumors, the extent of surgery is determined based on intraoperative exploration. In addition, the surgical method can choose between open surgery or laparoscopic surgery, both of which have the same surgical scope for the same disease, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to listen to the doctor’s opinion and choose carefully. For ovarian cysts, based on the principle of early detection and treatment, except for a few cases that can be observed and closely followed up, all other cases should be actively handled.