Viral hepatitis is one of the most important infectious diseases that threaten the health of the population, and hepatitis C is a kind of viral hepatitis, which is called the “invisible killer”. First of all, China belongs to the moderate endemic area of hepatitis C, acute hepatitis C is generally less symptomatic, many are insidious infection, the lack of typical symptoms and signs of hepatitis, often misdiagnosed and missed, often found when the cirrhosis stage, more difficult to treat; Secondly, compared with hepatitis B, the chronicity rate of hepatitis C is higher, which is shown in 90% of adults infected with hepatitis B virus can be cured, while 80% of hepatitis C patients are This is because 90% of adults infected with hepatitis B virus can be cured, while 80% of hepatitis C patients will develop chronic hepatitis, even cirrhosis and liver cancer, bringing long-term pain and huge economic burden to patients, their families and society. It is the responsibility of every health worker to understand hepatitis C, to master the knowledge of hepatitis C, and to control the development of hepatitis C and its spread. The control of each infectious disease starts from three aspects: control the source of infection, cut off the transmission route, and protect the susceptible population. For hepatitis C, active diagnosis and treatment of patients is the best control of the source of infection. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, in China, the main transmission route of hepatitis C was blood transfusion and blood products, such as plasma transfusion, etc. In 1998, the Blood Donation Law of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated, stipulating that blood donors must be screened for hepatitis C antibodies, thus greatly reducing the transmission of hepatitis C through blood sources. Protecting susceptible populations against hepatitis C is difficult because to date, no hepatitis C vaccine is available to provide active immunization to the general population. Academician Zhuang Hui pointed out the research directions related to hepatitis C in the coming years: First, vaccine prevention of infectious diseases is very important, but there is no effective vaccine for hepatitis C so far. This is definitely a research direction. Secondly, the variety and quality of hepatitis C diagnostic reagents in China need to be improved, because their sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility are still somewhat different from similar reagents abroad. Third, if patients with hepatitis C can receive standardized antiviral treatment as early as possible, most of them can be cured. In particular, research on the treatment of refractory hepatitis C should be strengthened to further improve the cure rate of hepatitis C. In addition, the development of new drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C is undoubtedly a very important area of research. In particular, we need to correct the notion that “patients with hepatitis C do not need antiviral therapy when their transaminase levels are normal”, which is wrong. As long as hepatitis C patients are positive for hepatitis C virus RNA, they should be treated. In conclusion, hepatitis C is a serious public health problem that should attract the attention of the whole society, so that the whole society can recognize hepatitis C, understand the knowledge about hepatitis C, and contribute to the control of the development of hepatitis C and the spread of the disease.