Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the body. The aging red blood cells are metabolized by the liver and excreted into the intestine, most of which can be excreted outside the body, while a small percentage of those that cannot be excreted are absorbed into the bloodstream, making it easy for jaundice to develop. When jaundice occurs in babies, if the jaundice value rises progressively and exceeds a certain range, it may enter the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier, causing bilirubin encephalopathy, which is the most serious complication of neonatal jaundice and can manifest drowsiness, poor mental feeding, severe convulsions, and corneal regurgitation, which can form permanent damage if not intervened by treatment. Bilirubin often causes necrosis of the basal ganglia, hippocampus, hypothalamic ganglia and cerebellar neurons, which can cause damage to the child’s intelligence as well as vision, which is often irreversible and may affect the daily life of the affected child. In some cases, jaundice is dominated by direct bilirubin elevation. Excessive bilirubin can damage the liver, and if not treated in time, liver function abnormalities or even cirrhosis can occur. Therefore, the danger of jaundice is not to be underestimated. When jaundice occurs in a child, the value of jaundice must be closely monitored and, if necessary, promptly treated with blue light. If hemolytic jaundice occurs and blue light irradiation is not effective, blood exchange treatment should be given in a timely manner to actively treat the jaundice and bring down the excessive bilirubin as soon as possible so as not to cause serious damage to the child.