With the progress of medical technology, early surgical treatment of congenital heart disease has become an inevitable trend. Studies have shown that early surgical correction of congenital heart disease is beneficial to the normal development of heart, lung, brain and other important organs. I. Effects on heart development With the first cry of the newborn, its circulatory system is rapidly transformed from fetal circulation to normal circulation. After the newborn begins to breathe, lung expansion causes an immediate decrease in pulmonary circulatory resistance, blood from the right ventricle enters the lungs, and oxygen saturation rises rapidly, causing the arterial duct to close. The pressure rise in the left atrium exceeds that in the right atrium, causing the foramen ovale to close. As the pulmonary artery pressure decreases, the right ventricular pressure also decreases to 20%-25% of the adult left ventricular pressure level. During the first year of life, the anatomy and physiology of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels continue to transform into adults, with the gradual conversion of fetal hemoglobin to adult-type hemoglobin, thinning of the right ventricle, and a rapid increase in the thickness and total mass of the left ventricle. The presence of abnormal anatomy and physiology in children with precardiac disease may lead to failure of the normal conversion described above, with long-term deleterious effects on the individual. For example, large ventricular septal defects may cause increased left ventricular volume load, and tetralogy of Fallot leads to right ventricular hypertrophy due to non-decreasing right ventricular pressure. Second, the impact on lung development Normal newborns are born with degeneration of small pulmonary arteries and a continuous decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance. The ratio of pulmonary vascular wall thickness to its external diameter reaches an adult level of 6% within the first month of life, and the development of the lung in the first year of life includes the development of new alveoli, accompanied by the development of new blood vessels. If normal pulmonary circulation is not established during this period and perfusion is abnormal, lung development may be abnormal. Common left-to-right shunt precardiac diseases such as ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus are caused by excessive pulmonary blood causing normal degeneration of the smooth muscle in the middle layer of the pulmonary vessels, and further development of necrosis, mid-membrane fibrosis, neovascularization and vascular obstruction within the vessel walls. III. Effects on brain development The brain of a newborn has a tremendous increase in volume and complexity during the first year of life, and abnormal cardiac blood flow poses a great risk. Cyanotic precordial diseases such as complete aortic dislocation and tetralogy of Fallot affect the development of the brain due to hypoxia. Foreign scholars have studied children with aortic dislocation undergoing surgery at different ages, and in terms of cognition the prognosis is worse the older the child undergoes surgery. In children with chronic congestive heart failure, the development of the brain is also affected due to poor growth and development. Other advantages In the past, many precordial diseases were treated by palliative surgery, and then corrective surgery was performed after the child reached a certain age. The mortality rate of palliative surgery itself is higher, plus the total mortality rate of the second corrective surgery is higher than that of the first stage radical surgery. At the same time, early surgery can reduce the psychological impact on parents and children, and also reduce the economic burden on families. In conclusion, early and complete corrective surgery should be used as a priority for all congenital heart disease without the possibility of spontaneous remission in the early neonatal or infant period, so that the child has normal circulation as early in life as possible, with multiple benefits for the child’s development and many subsequent benefits for society and the family.