I. Clinical examination of thyroid cancer: It should pay attention to the location, shape, size, single or multiple occurrence of the thyroid swelling, texture, activity, whether the surface is smooth, whether there is any pressure and pain, and whether it can move up and down with swallowing. In addition, attention should also be paid to the presence or absence of enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, hoarseness and vocal cord activity. Thyroid cancer should be considered if any of the following manifestations are present: ii. Puncture cytology: The diagnosis can often be confirmed by using fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the primary foci or cervical lymph nodes. Since FNAB makes the diagnosis only from the cytological point of view, there are some difficulties in the tissue typing of the tumor. Cervical lymph node biopsy or frozen section examination is also feasible in cases with enlarged cervical lymph nodes. X-ray examination: X-ray examination of the front and side view of the neck can show the foci of calcification (grit), tracheal compression and displacement within the thyroid tumor. Barium swallow helps to know whether the esophagus is involved. Thoracic radiography, which reveals metastases in the upper mediastinum and lungs. Thyroid scanning: 99mTc or 131I isotope scanning, isotope scanning images of thyroid cancer are mostly cold nodules and cool nodules, rarely warm nodules, and hot nodules are rare. V. B-mode ultrasonography: Early thyroid cancer and solid and cystic images of the tumor can be obtained. CT and MRI scan: CT has certain clinical significance in determining the benign or malignant nature of thyroid tumor and identifying solid and cystic tumors. Measurement of thyroglobulin: The treatment of advanced thyroid cancer should firstly choose the treatment method correctly, and the treatment method must be considered comprehensively according to the patient’s condition and physical condition. Generally speaking, the treatment methods of advanced thyroid cancer can be considered from surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine.