The principles of treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding are simple: the first one is to actively control hemostasis. Secondly, treatment of the primary disease is required. The third one is blood transfusion and surgical treatment when necessary. The most important thing is to rapidly replenish blood volume, correct water-electrolyte imbalance, ensure the stability of the patient’s vital signs, and perform endoscopic treatment in a timely manner. When a patient has gastrointestinal bleeding with portal hypertension, the effect of hemostasis is usually not satisfactory through medication or internal medicine. Patients with obvious bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices can be significantly reduced by endoscopic treatment, such as endoscopic vascular sclerotherapy or ligation.