Gastrointestinal bleeding includes upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is bleeding caused by lesions including esophagus, stomach, duodenum or pancreas, bile, etc. Most of them are caused by diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract itself, such as peptic ulcer, gastric mucosal lesions, rupture of esophagogastric fundic varices in cirrhosis, gastric cancer, other rare causes include esophageal hiatal hernia, esophagitis, pancreatic mucosal tear, duodenal bullae, gastric smooth muscle tumor, gastric mucosal prolapse, diverticular bleeding, etc.; they are also caused by lesions of adjacent organs of the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammation or tumors of pancreas and bile. A few of them are due to systemic diseases causing local bleeding in the GI tract, such as various types of purpura, leukemia, reobligatory anemia, hemophilia and other hematologic diseases; also such as severe trauma, burns, postoperative surgery, multi-organ failure, severe infection, post-cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation, shock, severe psychological stress and other stress ulcers causing GI bleeding, certain drugs such as aspirin, glucocorticoids and alcohol can also cause GI mucosal bleeding. Certain drugs such as aspirin, glucocorticoids and alcohol can also cause bleeding due to damage to the mucosa of the GI tract. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding from the small or large intestine below the Treitz ligament. It can be caused by small bowel disease, large bowel disease or rectal disease, with tumors, polyps and inflammatory bowel disease being the most common. The next most common cause is intussusception, vascular disorders, etc. In addition, systemic diseases such as hematologic diseases, rheumatic diseases, infectious diseases, poisoning, and parasitic diseases can also be caused. The main manifestations of gastrointestinal bleeding are related to the nature and location of the bleeding lesion, the amount and rate of blood loss, and the patient’s general condition at the time of bleeding (including age, presence of anemia, cardiac and renal function status, etc.). Most patients have nausea, epigastric discomfort or pain before bleeding, vomiting blood, black stool or fresh blood stool, dizziness, etc. The vomited blood is often dark red and mixed with food residues (if the bleeding is urgent and large, it may also be bright red). If the bleeding volume is more than 500 ml, upright dizziness, palpitation, nausea, weakness and thirst may appear; if the bleeding volume is more than 1000-1200 ml, the patient will show early signs of shock such as dizziness, cold sweat and even fainting when changing from the horizontal to semi-recumbent position; if the bleeding volume is more than 1600-2000 ml, the patient may go into shock and may have fainting, cold extremities, oliguria, restlessness and restlessness. The patient may have fainting, cold extremities, oliguria, restlessness, fine pulse, decreased blood pressure, or even blurred consciousness. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a fatal emergency, and sometimes the patient develops it at home, on foot, during travel, in conversation, etc., and the tragedy occurs before he has time to go to the hospital. If the family has the above-mentioned patients, whether the rescue is appropriate, whether the treatment is timely and correct, the patient’s life is at stake. Pre-hospital first aid measures after bleeding 1, gastrointestinal bleeding, you should immediately call “120” for help. At the same time, keep reassuring the patient, eliminate the patient’s mental tension and anxiety. 2, the patient to take a flat head low feet high position, can be in the foot pillow, and the bed at an angle of 30 degrees, which is conducive to the lower extremity blood flow back to the heart, first to ensure that the brain blood supply, to avoid deficiency or fainting on the ground. Move the patient less, let alone let the patient walk around. 3, pay attention to warmth; fasting and prohibit water, if possible, can contain ice, so that the gastrointestinal vasoconstriction to reduce the amount of bleeding; 4, vomiting blood do not force swallowing, ask the patient to lie on his side or head to the side, so as to promote the flow of blood and regurgitated gastric contents out of the mouth, to prevent asphyxia caused by aspiration; for those who have shock, closely observe the patient’s consciousness, breathing and pulse. The patient’s vomit or stool should be kept temporarily, roughly estimate the total amount, and keep some specimens for laboratory tests when seeking medical attention.