Currently, physicians in many regions and hospitals still rely mainly on neurophysiological examination, medical history and physical examination to infer the site of nerve damage and surgical modality, which is obviously inaccurate. It has been reported that the sensitivity of physical examination is not high, for example, the sensitivity of physical examination for carpal tunnel syndrome is 20%-70%, and the specificity is 47-83%, so it cannot fully guide the diagnosis and treatment. Neurophysiological examination has positive significance for clear diagnosis, evaluation of prognosis of recovery after nerve injury and staging of peripheral nerve entrapment, and its specificity reaches 90%. However, electrophysiological examination also has many limitations, it cannot directly clarify the cause of nerve damage, especially in the early stage of injury due to insufficient time for nerve repair to distinguish between nerve concussion, axonal rupture, and nerve dissection;’ when there may be multiple nerve injuries, it often cannot be accurately judged;ƒ the actual operation process is greatly influenced by the experience of the examiner, and there are technical errors, anatomical variants and The results of electrophysiological diagnosis may be contradictory to the clinical examination results or lose the guiding significance for clinical treatment; for patients with diffuse peripheral conduction velocity slowing, such as peripheral neuropathy due to diabetes, the results are not credible; electrophysiological examination is traumatic and the patient cannot repeatedly cooperate in the examination; for chronic injuries, sometimes although the nerve conduction velocity is normal, there is still compression. In chronic injuries, sometimes the nerve conduction velocity is normal, but compression still exists. In chronic injuries, although the nerve conduction velocity is normal, compression is still present. The treatment of these two conditions is completely different, as nerve rupture requires immediate surgery, while axonal rupture can be treated conservatively, often for a period of time, before deciding whether surgery is needed. If the treatment is conservative, the patient often misses the best time to repair the nerve, which in turn affects the outcome. Therefore, peripheral nerve urgently needs to enter the era of imaging, and the main imaging methods currently used for peripheral nerve are ultrasound and MRI. The Department of Neurosurgery at Southwest Hospital has accumulated some experience in this area, corrected many wrong diagnoses, and has successfully diagnosed and treated nearly 100 patients. It is especially suitable for patients with unexplained or progressive muscle atrophy and pain in the extremities.