The 8th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Neuroprosthetics concluded recently in Tehran, the capital of Iran, where the cutting-edge results of brain program research from around the world were presented, and the main direction of research in this field is becoming clearer, i.e., activating and strengthening the body’s own neurorepair potential through a variety of interventions has become the mainstream consensus. The Beijing Declaration of the International Society for Neuroprosthetics (Tehran 2015 revision) adopted by the Congress clearly suggests that neurological function can be repaired after central nerve injury and degenerative degeneration. This mainstream view of neuroprosthetics is changing the paradigm of treatment and thinking about neurological diseases and injuries. Highlight 1: Better efficacy of comprehensive treatment in response to spinal cord injury Cellular therapy is becoming a clinical option for the treatment of acute, subacute and chronic phases of central nervous system diseases. A large number of clinical trials have been conducted and/or completed in more than 20 countries (located in Asia, Europe, North and South America, and Oceania), and human safety and clinical efficacy have been further confirmed. After 10 years of construction, the China Spinal Cord Injury Network has become an important cross-country (China, India, Sweden, USA) platform for high-level clinical research. This conference presented the results of clinical trials of HLA-matched umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and lithium for complete advanced spinal cord injury, suggesting that functional improvement can be achieved in 75% of patients. The conference presented the key direction of “comprehensive treatment” for the major worldwide problem of difficulty in standing and walking after spinal cord injury. The latest research data show that, based on proper cell transplantation and functional electrical stimulation for neurological repair, combined with intelligent gait correction devices and active standardized high-level rehabilitation training, some patients can already stand and walk again, and more patients will benefit from technological development. The International Society for Neuroprosthetics Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries have passed the second round of revision, which will become the first guideline for the treatment of this disease in the world. Highlight 2: Drugs Available for Multiple Sclerosis Nerve Repair For multiple sclerosis, the current conventional treatment aims to slow down further myelin destruction caused by the immune system, and in order to replace damaged cells, most people in the field of cell therapy have focused on direct transplantation of stem cell-derived cells to achieve regenerative medicine. A recent U.S. study confirms that drugs can be used to activate primitive stem cells in the adult nervous system and direct them to form new myelin sheaths, with the ultimate goal of increasing the body’s ability to repair itself. “Neural repair” would be a more appropriate line of research and treatment than simply “neural regeneration. They found two of the most effective drugs, one traditionally used to treat tinea pedis and the other to treat eczema. When both drugs were given systemically to animal models of multiple sclerosis, they were able to promote repair of damaged brain cells and reverse paralysis. In the future, it is expected to find drugs that reverse disability caused by multiple sclerosis or similar neurological disorders by stimulating the body’s own stem cells. Highlight 3: More New Ways to Improve Prognosis for Severe Neurological Injuries A report from our U.S. counterparts suggests that for neurological injuries caused by severe natural disasters such as earthquakes, early mobile CT diagnosis, surgical interventions and neuroprosthetic interventions will improve outcomes and reduce late disability rates. For the pharmacological treatment of traumatic brain injury, the consensus of the conference was a “multimodal drug delivery program. The European study presented preliminary positive results of a multi-country study of neurotrophic factor therapy, and follow-up studies are expected.