Diseases of the central nervous system can show a variety of symptoms, if there are the following symptoms usually should go to the neurosurgery department: headache: this is one of the most common symptoms of neurosurgery. In fact, most of the headaches in daily life are functional, without organic lesions of the brain, but only the following cases should go to neurosurgery in time: (1) Acute attack headache. Patients usually do not have headache symptoms, suddenly appeared severe headache even with vomiting, can be seen in intracranial hemorrhage, acute inflammation, tumor stroke; (2) repeated paroxysmal headache. It can be seen in vascular headache, epileptic headache, occipital neuralgia or cervical spondylosis, etc.; (3) Gradually aggravating headache. Often suggests a gradual increase in intracranial pressure, if the headache aggravated by a gradual loss of vision, and headache accompanied by projectile vomiting, is a typical cranial hypertension “three main signs”, mostly due to neurosurgical diseases, such as brain tumors, metastatic tumors, chronic subdural hematomas or hydrocephalus, and so on. Facial pain: including pain in the face, eyes, nose, mouth and teeth. (1) If there is a sudden onset of transient and severe pain on one side of the face, which feels like a cut, electric shock, burning or pinprick, and is prone to appear suddenly when washing the face, brushing the teeth, eating or talking, then the possibility of trigeminal neuralgia should be considered. In particular, trigeminal neuralgia is sometimes manifested as intolerable toothache, patients often go to the stomatology department first, can not wait to ask for tooth extraction, the result is often pulled out half of the big teeth, the pain is still not the slightest relief, and then finally found neurosurgery, but unfortunately the bite of a good tooth, and can not be placed back! (2) If there is persistent vague pain, dull pain or distension in the face, with no obvious intervals, then we should consider lesions around the trigeminal nerve, and should go to the neurosurgery department. (3) If there is a transient sharp pain at the base of the tongue, deep in the mouth, or deep in the external auditory canal, which can often be induced by swallowing, then it may be glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and neurosurgery should also be consulted promptly. Convulsions: Convulsions caused by brain diseases are characterized by sudden, transient and recurrent attacks. It is often characterized by sudden onset of twitching of limbs, which may extend to the whole body and may be accompanied by impaired consciousness or incontinence, lasting from a few seconds to several minutes each time, with completely normal interictal periods. Weakness of the limbs: This can be progressive or sudden. The milder ones often show early signs of inflexibility in grasping chopsticks, dropping them easily, and difficulty in holding objects. If the weakness is in the lower limbs, it is characterized by dragging of the feet, easy bending of the knees or even falling, and wear and tear of the soles of the shoes on the diseased side is obviously worse than that on the healthy side. If the hands or feet can not be lifted, or even the consciousness can not control the movement of the hands and feet, it is the so-called “paralysis”. Involuntary movements: (1) Twitching: Involuntary twitching of the limbs, face or chest and abdominal muscles, which is not fixed, and which occurs and stops suddenly, or involuntary sounds such as barking or grunting may be made during the twitching. (2) Tremor paralysis: Involuntary rhythmic shaking of a part of the body or the whole body, accompanied by stiffness of the muscles and sluggishness of movement. Sensory disorders: There are superficial sensations and deep sensations in the human body. Superficial sensations include pain, heat and cold, light touch and pressure, while deep sensations refer to the sensation of the position of a limb when the eyes are closed, the sensation of vibration and the sensation of movement. Disorders of the nervous system may cause abnormalities in these senses. These include pain, hypersensitivity of sensation, and diminished or absent sensation. Different areas of the body are innervated by different sensory nerves, and these areas are distributed in a certain pattern (see Figure 2). Sensory deficits due to problems with a sensory nerve are mostly confined to the distribution area of that nerve in the form of strips. Sensory deficits caused by neurosurgical disorders tend to be more fixed in location. If the area of sensory deficits wanders, it is usually not a neurosurgical problem. Visual field disorders: sudden or gradual loss of visual acuity, narrowing of visual field, if ophthalmologic examination does not reveal ophthalmologic diseases or found that the fundus of the eye has edema manifestations, should be to the neurosurgery, these symptoms are often caused by intracranial lesions. Polyuria: the urine volume is more than 4000 ml per day, the urine color is light or colorless and transparent, the patient feels thirsty and needs to drink a lot of water every day. Aphasia: mainly refers to acquired language dysfunction or loss, that is to say, there was no deafness or mute, but later developed language function problems. Most of them are caused by the left hemisphere’s higher language center being affected by the disease. It can be manifested in the following situations: (1) motor aphasia: it is manifested in the fact that one can understand other people’s words and pronounce them, but cannot speak or can only speak individual words and cannot repeat them; (2) sensory aphasia: it is manifested in the fact that one cannot understand other people’s words and one’s own words, and it seems that one has gone to a place where one’s language is incompatible with one’s own. As a result, although the pronunciation is normal and the speech is coherent, the words are often used incorrectly and the answer is not what is asked; (3) Naming aphasia: It is manifested by knowing the use of a thing but being unable to name the thing, but when someone else names something, he/she can recognize whether the other person is correct or not; (4) Complete aphasia: The ability to express and understand language is lost, and the person neither understands the words of other people, nor is able to speak them out. Reading, writing, naming, and retelling are also problematic; (5) Dyslexia: the patient has normal vision and used to be able to read, but now the ability to read words is lost, and even the simplest words are unintelligible; (6) Dysgraphia: the patient has normal hand movements, but cannot write or writes in a very disorganized way, whereas the ability to transcribe is unaffected; (7) Conductive aphasia: the patient’s ability to speak and comprehend language is still good but the words of other people are difficult to understand. difficulty with the words of others. Abnormal menstruation and lactation: Irregular menstruation, irregular timing of each visit, low volume, or even no menstruation at all, breast milk secretion occurs in the absence of childbearing, low volume requires squeezing of the breasts before overflowing, and high volume may overflow spontaneously Mostly bilateral, mostly due to pituitary tumors, and may be accompanied by loss of eyesight. Gigantism in children, acromegaly in adults, facial changes: manifestations of pituitary growth hormone adenoma. Abnormal growth and development, abnormal sexual development: most of them are caused by anterior or posterior third ventricle lesions such as craniopharyngioma, teratoma, germ cell tumor, pineal tumor, etc. Unsteady walking: skewed to one side, mostly due to cerebellar involvement. Drowsiness, personality change, intellectual decline, etc.: frontal lobe, temporal lobe or hypothalamus lesions. Meningeal irritation: sudden onset of headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, typical of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acute intracranial infections Physical pain: radiating, weakness and numbness of one or both limbs, gradually progressing upward or downward, urinary and defecation disorders, as manifestations of spinal cord lesions. Symptoms of cranial nerve palsy: such as double vision, inability to lift the upper eyelid, facial numbness, crooked eyes and mouth, drooling at the corners of the mouth, hearing loss, eating and swallowing, choking on drinking water, abnormal pronunciation, hoarseness, etc., for the brainstem, cranial nerve tumors and the base of the skull in the neighboring parts of the lesions such as aneurysms, meningiomas, chordomas, craniopharyngioma, pituitary tumors, neurilemmoma, and so on. Other symptoms: Vertigo, sudden coma, loss of memory and judgment, etc.