Neonatal vomiting is a common symptom in the neonatal period with complex etiology, which can be classified as physiological, functional, or organic; it can be caused by the digestive tract itself or by extra-digestive tract diseases, and is clinically divided into medical vomiting and surgical vomiting. Generally, medical vomiting is more common, the most common is improper feeding: for example, too much or too frequent feeding, inappropriate milk rationing, milk protein allergy or food protein intolerance, which causes vomiting. Along with vomiting, the child may also be found to have “anorexia”, bloating, loose stools or constipation. However, during the same period, there is no fever or other signs of infection. The next concern is infection. Not only acute gastroenteritis, but also other multi-organ system infections may cause symptoms in the digestive tract, such as meningitis, otitis media, and urinary tract infections. Gastroesophageal reflux is also the most common cause of vomiting in newborns, and part of the child is related to horizontal stomach, developmental and other related factors. Diseases that cause cranial hypertension such as hydrocephalus can also cause vomiting. In addition vitamin D overdose and vitamin A overdose are also possible. Metabolic and endocrine disorders, acute renal failure, acute adrenal insufficiency due to congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia, galactosemia, amino acid metabolic disorders, and lactose intolerance can cause vomiting in newborns. Surgical diseases should be considered such as pyloric hypertrophic stenosis, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, etc. If particularly early onset, there can also be esophageal atresia. In conclusion, there are many causes of vomiting in newborns, which need to be carefully observed and identified.