Migraine is a common type of primary headache. The headache attacks are relatively intense, with mild patients lowering their heads and clenching their teeth, while severe patients may show rolling all over the floor or holding their heads against the wall, which has many adverse effects on patients’ physical and mental health and causes great disturbance to their normal life. So, how to treat migraine and what are the after-effects? Migraines are complex and varied. Common migraines are usually treated with oral painkillers and the symptoms can be relieved. However, there are also some patients who choose medication, but the headache continues to recur for a few months or even decades. These patients are at high risk of developing intractable migraine headaches if their attacks are not effectively treated over the years. The pain of intractable migraine has obvious sites, and the common sites are around the eyes, ear-temporal area and occipital area; when the attack makes people feel painful, and after it stops, people look the same as usual, with obvious intervals; intractable migraine has a long course, accompanied by nausea and photophobia, etc. Conservative treatment such as medicine often fails to achieve the ideal effect, and surgery can be considered according to the condition. Microvascular decompression is an advanced and mature technology in neurosurgery, and it is an effective means to treat intractable migraine. According to the theory of vascular compression of nerves, migraine patients’ blood vessels and nerves are stuck, entangled and adhered for various reasons, and under the influence of mental stress, excessive fatigue and other factors, the blood vessels produce an abnormal stimulation to the nerves and cause headache. Microvascular decompression treatment takes advantage of the microscope to release the relevant blood vessels from the nerve compression or entanglement, and insert a special medical spacer between them to achieve the purpose of decompression of the nerve. Microvascular decompression does not require craniotomy, the incision is only 3-5 cm, and there are no after-effects with good postoperative care.