Thinning of the optic nerve fibers does not equate to optic nerve atrophy, but thinning of the optic nerve fibers can indicate that the optic nerve may be atrophied. The thinning of the optic nerve fiber layer is mainly reflected in the optic disc optical coherence tomography (OCT) report. Under normal circumstances, the optic nerve fiber layer of the eye is of a certain thickness, and if the results of the optic disc OCT are lower than the normal thickness, and there is a thinning of the fiber layer, it is necessary to consider the existence of optic nerve atrophy. Thinning of the fiber layer of the optic nerve will also reduce the number of visual cells, which can lead to different degrees of vision loss and damage, but thinning of the optic nerve is not the same as optic nerve atrophy. Patients need to look for the cause of thinning of the optic nerve fiber layer, check whether there is elevated intraocular pressure in glaucoma, retinopathy, insufficient cerebrovascular blood supply, etc., and treat the symptoms as soon as possible. It is recommended that patients with thinning optic nerve fibers or optic nerve atrophy seek prompt medical attention to evaluate their condition and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.