The knee joint is the most perfect and complex joint in the human body, and it is also one of the larger joints in the whole body in terms of weight-bearing. It not only has the main structures necessary for synovial joints such as the joint surface, joint cavity and joint capsule, but also has various auxiliary structures such as the meniscus formed by fibrocartilage as well as ligaments, bursae, synovial wrinkles and fat pads, etc. These anatomical features make knee injuries and diseases not only high in incidence, but also diverse and It is difficult to diagnose.
Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common clinical condition that is characterized by degenerative changes in the cartilage surfaces of the joint and secondary osteophytes, with clinical manifestations of total knee pain and limited joint motion. Osteoarthritis is not actually an inflammatory disease. Its symptoms are mainly caused by aseptic inflammation resulting from chronic damage to the bone and synovial structures, and are degenerative changes of the joints.
The disease is most common in middle-aged and elderly people, and can affect both men and women, but is more common in women, especially postmenopausal women. Through preliminary epidemiological surveys, the prevalence of osteoarthritis of the knee in our population is 9.56%. 78.5% of people over 60 years of age, similar to but less severe than in Western countries. The pathogenic factors are related to age, gender, weight, diet, climate and genetics.
Clinical manifestations: Initially, pain around the knee joint appears after exposure to cold and activity. After resting and keeping warm, the symptoms are relieved, and then gradually develop to pain when going up and down stairs and pain at night. The pain is characterized by pain on movement, pain on weight bearing, swelling in severe cases and difficulty in squatting. The patella and the femur and tibia are adherent. The joint space is narrowed, the medial and lateral joint spaces are asymmetrical, and the intercondylar ridge is high and pointed.
Treatment methods.
1.Medication: NSAIDS is preferred, and antibiotics are added for co-infection.
2.Pain point block: block the vicious cycle of knee pain and improve the blood supply around the knee
3.Small needle knife therapy: The needle knife can loosen the adhesions in the knee, shred and flatten the tendons and hyperplastic bone spurs, and achieve pain relief.
4.Joint cavity irrigation and injection of antibacterial drugs: For patients with combined synovial inflammation of the knee joint and a large amount of joint cavity fluid.
5.Sodium hyaluronate injection in the joint cavity: improve the inflammatory response of synovial fluid tissue; enhance the viscosity and lubricating function of joint fluid; protect joint cartilage, promote the healing and regeneration of joint cartilage; promote the synthesis of its own sodium hyaluronate; stabilize nociceptive receptors.
6.Manipulation, physical therapy, Chinese herbal medicine.
7.Surgery: For patients with narrow joint space and limited function, if conservative treatment is ineffective for more than six months, knee arthroplasty can be recommended.
Prevention and care in daily life
1, should minimize the weight bearing and large activities of the joint, in order to slow down the process of lesions.
2. Obese people should reduce their weight to reduce the load on the joints.
3, lower limb joints with lesions, use crutches or canes to reduce the burden on the joints.
4. Formal treatment should be carried out during the attack period. Perfect analgesia and joint cavity treatment can effectively improve life treatment and slow down the progress of lesions.
5.The lesioned joint should be protected by a sheath.
6. Pay attention to weather changes and avoid humidity and cold.
Precautions
1, eat more food containing sulfur, such as asparagus, eggs, garlic, onions. Because the repair and reconstruction of bones, cartilage and connective tissues need to use sulfur as raw material, and sulfur also helps the absorption of calcium.
2, eat more food containing histidine, such as rice, wheat and rye. Histidine is good for removing excess metals from the body. Eat more foods rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins C and E and sulfur-containing compounds. You can also eat more sulfur-containing foods such as garlic, onions, Brussels sprouts and cabbage.
3.Eat fresh pineapple regularly to reduce infections in the affected area.
4.Ensure that you eat vitamin-rich foods such as flaxseed, rice bran, oat bran, etc. every day.
5.Forbid to take iron or multivitamin containing iron. This is because iron is associated with pain, swelling and joint damage. The alkaloids in eggplant vegetables, such as tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, peppers, etc. and tobacco can worsen arthritis symptoms.
6, arthritis patients should not often use iron cooking. The rheumatoid rheumatoid arthritis disease is prone to recurrence of the old disease, the onset of the iron content in the serum decreased.
7, life should be regular, diet should be moderate, stools should not be dry.