Clinical significance of 6 sex hormone tests 1, prolactin (PRL): secreted by one of the anterior pituitary eosinophilic cells of lactation trophoblast cells, is a simple protein hormone, the main function is to promote the proliferation of mammary glands, the production of breast milk and discharge of milk. During the non-lactation period, the normal value of blood PRL is 0.08-0.92nmol/L. Higher than 1.0nmol/L is considered hyperprolactinemia, excessive prolactin can inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH, inhibit the ovarian function, and inhibit ovulation.Measurement of the concentration of PRL is helpful in the diagnosis of hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction, and pituitary tumors cause hyperprolactinemia, which is sometimes associated with impotence in males. High PRL levels are usually associated with breast milk overflow and amenorrhea, and menstruation can return to normal after PRL decreases with medication. [Requirements] Generally, the patient should be asked to collect fasting venous blood in the morning or in the morning in a quiet state. 2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): a glycoprotein hormone secreted by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, its main function is to promote follicular development and maturation of the ovary. The concentration of FSH is 1.5-10mIU/ml in the pre-ovulatory period, 8-20mIU/ml in the ovulatory period, and 2-10mIU/ml in the post-ovulatory period. 5-40mIU/ml is generally taken as the normal value. low FSH is seen in estrogen-progestin therapy, Schieffer’s syndrome, etc. high FSH is seen in premature ovarian failure, ovarian insensitivity syndrome, and primary amenorrhea. If FSH is higher than 40mIU/ml, it is ineffective for ovulation stimulants such as clomiphene. 3, luteinizing hormone (LH): also is the anterior pituitary basophilic cell secretion of a glycoprotein hormone, mainly to promote ovulation, in the FSH synergistic effect, the formation of the corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone. The concentration of blood LH is 2～15mIU/ml in the pre-ovulatory period, 30～100mIU/ml in the ovulatory period, and 4～10mIU/ml in the post-ovulatory period.The normal value in the non-ovulatory period is 5～25mIU/ml.Less than 5mIU/ml suggests that gonadotropins are insufficient, which can be seen in Schieffer’s syndrome, and the high FSH is very certain, and no other tests are necessary. LH/FSH ≥ 3 is one of the bases for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Estradiol (E2): secreted by ovarian follicles, its main function is to induce the endometrium to transform into a proliferative phase and promote the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Blood E2 concentration in the pre-ovulatory period for 48 ~ 521 picomoles / liter, ovulation for 70 ~ 1835 picomoles / liter, ovulation for 272 ~ 793 picomoles / liter, the low value is seen in ovarian hypoplasia, premature ovarian failure, Schieffer’s syndrome. Estradiol (E2). Increased in: precocious puberty in females, estradiol and other estrogen secreting tumors of the ovaries and adrenal glands, gynecomastia, hepatic cirrhosis, after application of clomiphene, HCG. Decrease: Turner’s syndrome, primary or secondary hypogonadism, etc. 5, testosterone (T): female body testosterone, 50% by peripheral androstenedione conversion, adrenal cortex secretion of about 25%, only 25% from the ovaries. Its main function is to promote the development of the clitoris, labia and mons pubis. It has an antagonistic effect on estrogen and a certain influence on systemic metabolism. The normal blood T concentration in women is 0.7-3.1 nmol/L. High blood T is called hypertestosteronemia, which can cause infertility. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), blood T levels are also increased. Increased values are seen in: idiopathic precocious puberty in males, familial precocious puberty in males, adrenocortical hyperplasia, adrenocortical tumors (adenocarcinomas are significantly increased, adenomas are often increased), testicular tumors, testicular feminization, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgenic tumors of the ovaries, pineal tumors, idiopathic hirsutism, hypothyroidism, androgens, HCG, and estrogen therapy, among others. Decrease in: trisomy 21, uremia, myotonic dystrophy, hepatic insufficiency, trapped testis, primary or secondary hypogonadism (Klinefelter’s syndrome, Kallman’s syndrome, etc.), and androgen therapy withdrawal. 6, progesterone (P): secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the main function is to promote the endometrium from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase. Blood P concentration is 0-4.8nmol/L before ovulation, and 7.6-97.6nmol/L in the late ovulation period. Low blood P value in the late ovulation period is seen in luteal insufficiency, ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding and so on. Measurement of sex hormone levels is used to understand female endocrine function and diagnose diseases related to endocrine disorders. The six commonly used sex hormones, namely follicle-producing hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and prolactin (PRL), basically satisfy the clinician’s need to screen for endocrine disorders and gain a general understanding of physiological functions. The best time to check endocrine is on the 3rd to 5th day after menstruation, which is the early follicular stage and can reflect the functional status of the ovaries. However, for those who do not have menstruation for a long period of time and are eager to know the results of the test, the test can be done at any time, and this time will be regarded as the pre-menstrual period by default, and the results will be referred to the luteal phase test results.