Commonly used examination methods for breast diseases 1. Ultrasound: It is the most commonly used and convenient examination method, which is painless, non-invasive and repeatable in a short period of time, and easy to follow up the disease.Ultrasound can detect diseases such as lobular hyperplasia, breast lumps, inflammation or abscesses of the breast, and there is no restriction on age or pregnancy. There is no age or pregnancy limitation. However, it is greatly affected by the operator’s technique and equipment. Yin Zhiqiang, Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital 2, Mammography: It is commonly known as mammography or breast film, in which not only lumps and nodules, but also calcification can be found in X-ray, X-ray and ultrasound complement each other, and about half of breast cancers that can not be touched in X-ray screening are detected due to the discovery of tiny calcification foci. For women over 50 years old, bilateral mammograms are recommended once every 1 to 2 years. For women with high risk factors for breast cancer, annual screening is recommended starting at age 40. Pregnant women should avoid it. 3, endoscopy: nipple discharge is an uncommon but important symptom of breast disease. Nipple discharge of breast cancer mainly occurs in women over 50 years old with unilateral bloody nipple discharge, while most of the nipple discharge is caused by benign breast diseases. Endoscopy of the milk ducts can help diagnose the condition by clearly observing the duct walls and secretions. Can lobular hyperplasia become cancerous? Lobular hyperplasia is a common disease among young and middle-aged women. It is mainly characterized by thickening of breast tissue, soft texture, similar to a lump without obvious envelope, sometimes accompanied by pressure pain or pain radiating to the armpit or shoulder, especially before menstruation, which will be obvious before menstruation, and then reduce or subside after menstruation. It is mainly divided into simple lobular hyperplasia, cystic lobular hyperplasia and glandular lobular hyperplasia. 95% of lobular hyperplasia is simple lobular hyperplasia, which is not cancerous. Only a small number of patients with highly hyperplastic ductal epithelium, especially highly atypical hyperplasia, may develop cancer under the microscope. Therefore, women with lobular hyperplasia should go to the hospital for regular checkups. What is breast fibroadenoma? Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumors that occur in young women, with the peak age of onset at 20 to 25 years old. Estrogen is the stimulus for fibroadenoma development. Fibroadenomas are mostly round or oval in shape, with clear boundaries and high mobility, generally without pressure pain, and do not cause skin adhesion or fixation to the pectoral muscle. At present, there is no any effective Chinese or western drug that can cure the disease, surgical excision is the only effective treatment, and pathology is the gold standard for its diagnosis. Risk factors of breast cancer 1. Patients who have previously suffered from breast cancer or have a history of benign breast tumors. Family history of breast cancer, especially if one or more of the first-degree relatives (mother, sister) has suffered from breast cancer, or if there is a gene mutation related to breast cancer. 3.Women whose first pregnancy is older than 30 years old have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer than women who have never given birth. 4. Women who eat too much animal fat and are overweight after menopause. 5.Suffering from certain chronic breast diseases (such as ductal epithelial atypia hyperplasia, papillomatosis, etc.). 6.Women whose first menstruation is before 12 years old or whose menopause is after 55 years old. 7, Women who apply estrogen to control menopausal symptoms have a moderately increased risk of breast cancer after many years. Preventive Strategies for Breast Cancer 1. First of all, you should consult your doctor or relevant specialists about whether you have high risk factors for breast cancer. 2. Then refer to your doctor’s advice and choose preventive measures according to the level of risk. 3. For most women, close monitoring for early detection of breast cancer is a good method. It is recommended that breast self-examination should be conducted once a month, clinical physical examination should be conducted once every 4-6 months and mammography examination should be conducted once every 1-2 years from the age of 40. 4. For women with high risk factors, if a breast lump is found, a biopsy of the lump should be performed under the advice of a doctor for a clear diagnosis. Even if breast cancer is diagnosed, as long as it is detected, diagnosed and treated early, 2/3 of the patients can be cured.