Since 2009, our department has successfully removed many cases of rectal carcinoid tumor and anal melanoma, which we share with our colleagues. Rectal carcinoid tumor is a rare rectal tumor, a precancerous lesion, the scope of more than 2cm, both malignant tumor, can be treated according to rectal cancer treatment, at present, most of them are found clinically when doing surgery for mixed hemorrhoids and anal fistula, the small ones are as big as the size of soybean grain, the big ones are less than 1cm, under the mucosa, it is difficult to diagnose, colonoscopy can not be detected, only finger diagnosis (experienced anorectal experts) can touch, at present, imaging It is also difficult to make a differential diagnosis. Case example: The patient, a 51-year-old female, came to our outpatient clinic on May 2009*, when she was admitted with anal melanoma. After surgery, the patient was sent for pathological examination, which showed melanoma. There was no recurrence at the follow-up visit 1 year later. Melanoma of the anus is a highly malignant tumor that can metastasize early and has a high recurrence rate after surgery.