The pontocerebellar horn region is densely populated with blood vessels, nerves and important structures, and is a difficult and risky area for neurosurgery. Tumors in this area often cause clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure such as headache, or affect the facial auditory nerve leading to hearing loss and facial palsy, or affect the posterior group of cranial nerves leading to hoarseness, swallowing and choking. The most common tumors in this region are auditory neuroma, meningioma epidermoid cyst, and other tumors, but there are also some relatively rare tumors. The one to be described here is a relatively rare type of melanoma. Intracranial melanomas are mostly due to malignant melanoma metastasizing to the brain from outside the brain, but there are also relatively rare malignant melanomas that originate in the skull. This young male patient had just undergone treatment at a relatively large hospital. During surgery, the attending surgeon found that the tumor was black throughout and only a small specimen was left for pathological testing, which turned out to be too small to make a definitive diagnosis (it is difficult to distinguish between melanoma and pigmented nerve sheath tumor). In this case, it was most urgent to remove the tumor to reduce the intracranial pressure and the symptoms caused by the headache in order to have a chance for follow-up treatment; at the same time, only by surgical excision to obtain more tumor tissue could the nature of the tumor be clarified and the follow-up treatment plan be determined. Because the specific situation in the first surgery was not known, this surgery required the fullest preparation and preplanning. The surgery proceeded as planned. The tumor was different from the gray-red or gray-white color of general tumors, but the whole was black. The tumor grew towards the structures such as the internal auditory canal and jugular foramen, and was closely related to the nerves. After careful separation under the microscope, the tumor was basically removed. After surgery, the patient’s facial nerve function was basically normal, and the limb movement and other functions were normal. The final pathological diagnosis was: melanoma, and subsequent treatment was continued in the biologic therapy department. Melanoma is easily distinguished from most other tumors by the naked eye because of the characteristic black color of the tumor, and it is also easy to diagnose preoperatively because of the “inverse” feature of white high signal on T1 image and black low signal on T2 image, which is opposite to most tumors. Although melanoma is malignant, it is generally not sensitive to radiotherapy and surgical resection is an important treatment. Although melanoma is malignant, it is generally not sensitive to radiotherapy and surgical excision is an important treatment.